الفهرس 
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Abstract
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5. SUMMARY
Two field experiments were conducted at Wadi SUdr
Agricultural Experimental Station~ Desert Research Center
to study the effect of adding soil amendments on some
chemical properties of calcareous soil as well as the
yield and the chemical composition of wheat plants grown
under saline irrigation water. The treatments were:
(T1) Without amendments application (control).
(T2) 0.5 ton elemental SUlphur (S)/fed.
(T3) 20 m3 farmyard manure (FYM)/fed.
(T4)0.2 L bitumenou5 emulsion (Bit.)/m2
(Tel The combined treatment of 0.5 ton S/fed+20 m3
FYM/fed.
(Te) The combined treatment of 0.5 ton. S/fed.+0.2 L
Bit./m2.
(T?) The combined treatment of 20 m3 FYMIted.+O.2 L
Bit./m3.
(Te) The combined treatment of 0.5 ton S/fed.+20 m3
FYM/fed.+0.2 L Bit./ma•
All of such treatments were arranged in a completely
randomized block design with four replicates (2x3 m
each) . A All plots cultivated with wheat grains
·(Triticum aestivum L.) Sakha 8~ at the rate of 60
kg/fed. and received N~ P and K fertilizers at rates
------ - ---- ----- ------- ---------
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of 60. 30 and 50 kg/fed. as ammonium nitrate.
superphosphate and potassium sulphate respectively.
The plots were irrigated weekly with saline well
water of 4950 ppm. Soil samples were taken three
times during first growing season; at tillering.
heading and the end of harvesting stages from 0-10.
10-20 and 20-30 cm soil depth. then air dried.
throughly mixed and stored for chemical analysis .
.Crop was harvested at maturity and the yields of
(grain+straw). grain and straw were recorded for the
two seasons. The wheat grains of the first season
were prepared for chemical analysis.
The obtained results can be summarized as follows:
I. Soil chemical properties:
1- The pH values were clearly decreased as a result of
adding soil amendments. The highest rate of decrement
was obtained with
(S+F’YM+Bit.).
the combined treatment of
2- The EC values were greatly affected by adding soil
amendments. The efficiency of such amemiments on
reducing EC values could be arranged regardless of
soil depth and growth stage as follows:
Bit. > (FYM+Bit .) > (S+Bit.) > (S+FYM+Bit.) > FYM >
S) (S+FYM).
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3- The concentrations of. soluble (Ca2++Mg2+) sharply
increased with soil amendments as compared with the
control treatment. Such increment could be arranged
regardless of soil depth and growth stage in the
following order:
(S+FYM) ) S ) FYM ) (S+FYM+Bit.) ) (S+Bit.) )
(FYM+Bit.) ) Bit.
4- The concentrations of soluble Na+ were remarkably
decrease by adding soil amendments which could be
arranged regardless of soil depth and growth stage in
the following order:
FYM ) Bit. ) (S+Bit.) ) (FYM+Bit.) ) (S+FYM+Bit.) >
S) (S+FYM).
5- The application of soil amendments had resulted in
decreasing SAR values as compared with the control
treatment.
6- The concentrations of soluble K+ were influenced by
the type of soil amendments and the values could be
arranged regardless of soil depth and growth stage in
the following order:
FYM ) (S+FYM+Bit.) ) Control) (S+FYM) ).(FYM+Bit.) )
S > (S+Bit.) ) Bit.
7- The concentrations of HC03- were influenced by the
type of soil amendments which can be arranged
regardless of soil depth and growth stage in the
- - _..- -_._-----~-~--------------------
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fo Ilowing order:
(S+FYM+Bit.) > FYM > (FYM+Bit.) > Bit. > (S+Bit.) >
S> Control > (S+FYM).
8- Adding soil amendments increased the concentrations
of soluble 504a- which could be arranged in the
following order:
(S+FYM) > 5 > (S+FYM+Bit.) > FYM > (FYM+Bit.) )
(S+Bit.) > Bit.
9- The application of soil amendments reduced the
harmful effect of CI- ions in the following order:
(S+FYM+Bit.) >FYM > Bit. > (FYM+Bit.) ) S ) (S+Bit.»
(S+FYM).
10- The soil organic matter content was increased by
adding soil amendments in the following order:
(S+FYM) > (5+FYM+Bit.) > (5+Bit.) > (FYM+Bit.) > FYM>
Bit. > S.
II. Yield of, wheat plants;
The straw. grain and (straw+grain) yields of wheat
plants were significantly increased ’by adding soil
amendments at the two seasons. as the rate of increment
was dependent upon the type of soil amendments and could . be arranged in the following order:
(S+FY.M+Bit.) > (FYM+Bit.) > (S+Bit.) ) (5+FYM) )
Bit.) S > FYM.
------_.- - - ._----_.--- _ .._--------------------
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III. Nutrient contents of wheat grains:
1- The uptake of nitrogen significantly increased by
adding soil amendments. The best treatment was
(S+FYM+Bit.) followed by (S+Bit.); (FYM+Bit.).
(S+FYM). Bit .• Sand FYM.
2- Adding soil amendments increased the uptake of
phosphorus which could be arranged in the following
order:
(S+Bit.) > Bit. > S ) (S+FYM+Bi t. ) ) (S+FYMl >
(FYM+Bit.) > FYM.
3- The uptake of potassium was influenced by the type of
the applied soil amendments which could be arranged
in the follwoing order:
(S+FYK+Bit.) > (S+FYM) > (FYM+Bit.) > (S+Bit.» 5 >
Bit. > FYM.
IV. Tbe chemical compositions of wheat grains:
1- The protein content of wheat grains significantly
icreased as a result of adding soil amendments and
the rate of increment could be arranged in the
following order:
(S+Bit.) ) (S+FYM+Bit) ) (S+FYM) ) Bit. > (FYM+Bit.»
S > FYM.
2- All of the used soil amendments increased the ash
content of wheat grains in the following order:
- -,- - -- _.-”
110
(S+Bit.) > (FYM+Bit.) > Bit. > FYM ) (S+FYM+Bit.) >
5> (S+FYM).
3- The values of total soluble carbohydrates
significantly increaed by adding soil amendments. The
rate of increment varied according to the type of
soil amendments.
4- The total. reducing and non-reducing soluble sugars
were affected by adding soil amendments. The values
varied according to the type of soil amendments. With
respect to tpe total soluble sugars. the values were
significantly increased by adding FYM. meanwile such
values significantly decreased by adding bitumenous
emulsion. However. the values of reducing sugars
significantly increased by adding sulphur. farmyard
manure and bitumenous emulsion. The values of nooreducing
sugars significantly decreased by adding
bitumenous emulsion. On the other hand. the
percentages of total. reducing and non reducing
sugars were not significantly affected when the above
mentioned soil amendments were applied together.