![]() | يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام |
المستخلص -~-_._--~-----~~. ----_._-_.~---._. ----.---.-- •• ~ -0 .~ -3- SUMMARY ”strawberry” belongs to the vegetable crops, but some people regard it as ”a fruit-crop” • Its production in Egypt has a relative distinct advantage because it is produced in the non-European production season. It can be grown in the neWly reclaimed sailor lands and this creates a new generation of strawberry-growers. tt reduces the immigration from the countryside to capital cities as it brings for farmers profitable revenues, if they produce and market strawberry in the right method. To face the problems of producing and marketing strawberry (S) in Qalioubia Governorate (Q.G.): namely making full use of the available resources to achieve the highest possible agricultural farm-income, hence comes the necessi~y of this research.It is intended to achieve two major aims, first stUdying tne economies of production activities and second; stUdying the economies of marketing (S) in CQ.G.). The method of this research draws on two .methods; the inductive method that depends on descriptive analysis and the Deductive ••thod that depends on the quantitative analysis of data obtained from tiae-series that could be obtained from formal and informal resource. concerning the period 1975-1991 on one hand, the data of sectors obtained concerning the agriCUltural season 1991/92 frca the saaple growers on the other hand. --- -~----’-----~- --’-’-0_ .. ~ _ ·-~ ....,- ... --_.__ .~ -~ ----~------------. . ~ -4- As a starting point, ,the survey of the previous studies in the field of the research reveals that those studies depended on time-series reveals that those studies data for the areas, production, productivity, exports and imports of , (S). in Egypt and in the world in the period 1981-1987. Those studies do not handle the use of data sectors of the sample of (S) growers and do not handle the cost functions, and production of farm-strawberry. Therefore, this research is interested in meeting the shortages found in the previous studies. This is done by studying cost-functions, and production indications of farm strawberry. The research also estimates the marketing cost functions and the value selling functions of this research sample to determine the productive and marketing efficiency of (S) in (Q.G.). The final research plan begins with the introduction which included the problem and the aims of this research and its method, research procedures, the sources of its data and the survey of previous studi... The introduction is followed by four chief units that analyze the data concerning the characteristics that form the subject-matter of the research. These are followed by the results and recommendations arrived at. THE FIRST UNIT ------------- This unit includes studying the productive activities of . (S). throughout three chapters. The first chapter studies the -~.. ~~--:~-~--~.~-.~--------._._ ..__. ~.~ .._--~----.--_.~ -5- production of (5) in the world. The world production of (S) in 1991 amounts to about 2469 thousand tons~ and this world production in the period 1975-1991 tends to increase annually by about 70-38 thousand tons, i.e. at an increase ratio,about 3.65% out of the annual averaqe of the world production power that reaches about 1927.29 thousand tons durinq the same period. studying the geographical distribution and the relative importance of the (S) production areas in the world show that Europe occupies the first position, followed by North and Middle American areas, the areas of Asia, Africa, South America and finally comes EI-Akyatousia areas. The production of (5) in these is totally estimated by about 192 thousand tons, this is a ratio of 44.22%, then 762 thousand tons that represent about 30.88, 525 thousand tons equal about 21.27, 52 thousand tons i.e. about 21%, 27 thousand tons, i.e. about I. 9%, 11 thousand tons i.e. 0.44’ out of the world production that is estiaated to be about 2469 thousand tons in the year 1991. As for Egypt’s production of (8) and by co.paring it with the production of Africa it is found that Egypt is the first country that had grown this crop in this continent in 1928. Egypt also occupies.the first position in the African continent level: its average production out of the average African production in the period 1975-1991 is about 13.76 thousand tons,l.e. a ratio of abou~ 77.22’ out of the average total of (8) production which -.aunts to about 17.82 thousand tons. -----._~--_._- -- -~---- ~ - ~-- ~---- ~-~-_.._~_._---_ ....._-_ .._- .. _._ ..._.._ .._. ~ -6- The second chapter deals with (S) production in the Arab Republic of Egypt as it is found that the area grown in Lower Egypt represents the greatest ratio out of the total area grown allover Egypt. It is found that (5’s) area in Middle and Upper Egypt constitues a minor ratio out of the total area of (5) production allover Egypt in the period 1975-1991. It is found that production distribution reveals that(Q.G) occupies the first(foremost)position,and Ismailia Governorate occupies the second position as the area grown at the two governorates is about 2475 acres i.e. a ratio of 46.18 out of the total (5) area in Egypt and which is about 4664 acres in 1991 (A.D.) respectively. On classifying the Republic Governorates that produce (5) according to the acre’s productivity into three production classifications: it is found that the first production classification includes G~za Governorate only as the acre’s productivity amounts to about 8.12 tons with an increase towards 4.8 out of the averaqa productivity in the Republic. The second classification includes. CQ.G.), Ismailia, El- Minia, El-Menufia, and· El-Sbarkia as the acre’s mean average production towards 4.5 tons with an increase of about 0.01 tons out of the average production in the Republic which is about 4.4 tons. The third classification includes Sohag, Qena, EI-Gharbia and Daaietta Governorates as the acre’s mean production is about 2.32 tons with a decrease towards 1.72 ---tons. --~---- ~~-----~- -- --~~--- _._._-------- -7- As for arranging the RepUblic Governorates in terms of the whole production of (S) in 1991,(Q.G.) occupies the first place, fol~owed by Ismailia, El-Sharkia, EI-Menufia, Giza and El-Minia Governorates. And finally comes Damietta Governorate as their ratio-weight is about 54.44%, 44.51%, 0.78%, 0.12%, 0.12, .02, O.I out of the total production ot (S) in Egypt that is nearly towards 29927 thousand tons in 1991 respectively. On studying the general trend for the area, production, and the acre’s productivity of (S) in Egypt during 1975-1991 it is found that there is an increase. The yearly increase based on the real linear fact for the area, production and productivity of (S) is about 303.24 acres; i.e. 11.35t, and 2401.25 tons, i.e. 11.16%, and 42 tons, i.e. 10.31%; and this out of the general average of the total area, whole production and productivity of the (S’s) acre ,in Egypt which are about 2671.41 acres, 13994.76 tons 4.07 respectively. It is also found that the financial or cash value of vegetables and (5) begins to increase .a the yearly increase reaches to nearly 171.97 Killion pounds: i.e. a yearly ratio 13.77t, 1.99 thousand pounds, i.e. about 18.72% out of the average .oney value or veqetabl_ and (8) in Bfnrpt which is towards 1249.29 Million pounds, and 10.63 thousand pounds respectively during the period under study fro. 1975 to 1991 • ._-_ .. -._ .. _---,,_.,._-~- - -----._.~._------ ~’;... -8- As for studying the relative significance of the cost items of the farm acre’s production, and a ton of (5), it is found that the price of seedlings takes the greatest costjand it is followed by wage-coats of human-labour, the acre’s rent, chemical fertilizers,manures,wages for machines and pesticides. The cost per ton of (S) is about 661.59 in the average of period 1984-1991. The net revenue of (S’s) acre in Egypt is the annual average of about 733.98 in the period 1884- 1991. By estimating the standard figure of developing (S’s) production in Egypt and in (Q.G.) it is noticeable that there is a great development in ’this production as it is towards 2338%, 1527%5 respectively in 1991 compared with that of 1975. The third chap~er is concerned with studying the production (P.) of (5) in (Q.G.).It is found that (5) was cultivated for the tirst’tiae in Egypt in El-Dair Village in (Q.G.) in 1928. Then the cultivation of (8) spread into the neighbouring farms in the Villages o~ both Toukh and Shebin El- Qanater Regions. The study of the relative i.portance of the Governorate in teras of the cultivated area, production (P.), and acre’s productivity it i. found that its total cultivated area in 1991 is towards .2475 acres, i.e. 53.07’ out of the total cultivated area in the Republic that reaches to about 4664 acr•••lt is also found tbat its tota1 (S’8) (p.),reaches to about 16292 tonsi l.a. 54.4t aut of the total (S’.) (P.)in ... ”Eqpyt which is about 29927 tons. The acre’s productivity in -9- this Governorate amounts to 6.53 tons per an acre; i.e. 102.4% out of the average acre’s productivity in Egypt which is estimated to be about 6.38 tons in the some year 1991. Therefore, it is observable that (O.G.) enjoys a relative advantage in (S’s) production in 1991 and this makes it different from the other Governorates under study. It is worth-mentioning that on studying the general trend in terms of the cultivated area, total P., and acre’s productivity of (8) in (Q.G.) it is found that there is a remarkable increase in the area, P., and acre’s productivity of (S) in (O.G.) in the period 1975-1991.This yearly inc~ease is about 119.36 acres, i.e. 27.31’, 1141.13 tons; i.e. 16.42, and a ton per an acre: i.e. 10.51’, ,and this out of the general average for each the area, P. and acre’s productivity of (S) in CO.G.) that is towards 1477.88 acres, 6948.24 tons, and 3.90 tons respectively. On estimating the general trend of price of the farDl ton and theJlOney value of (8) in (O.G.) in the period 1975-1991, it is found that there is an obvious increase in both in the saa. period as the annual increase is about 39.53 pounds per tonI L... 6.45’, and .87 Million pounds; i.e. about 18.55’ out of the general average for the price of a fara ton of (8) in Q: that aJaOUIltstowards 613.26 pounds per ton, and the general JIOneyaverage in the same GOvernorate is towards 4.69 lIillion pounds’during the same period. |