الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In Egypt, citrus orchards are liable to attack by different groups of insects.
Scale insects are considered to be among the important pests, which cause serious
damage to orange trees with a noticeable reduction in quantity and quality of the
obtained yield
I.Seasonal fluctuation in population of the Purple scale
insect, Cornuaspis becldi, infesting Wachington citrus trees
and factors effecting on it:
Seasonal abundance of Cornuaspis beckii (Newman) has been studied
throughout the period 1994 - 19% at Shobra hares Qalubiyah Governorate. Results
showed the occurrence of four peaks of abundance per annum in the total population
in the 1” year 1994/1995, these peaks occurred in March / April, (3362/100 leaves)
July, ( 1252/100 leaves) ,September (779/ 100 leaves) , February (663 / .100 leaves),the
peaks of abundance for the total stages was supported with peaks of abundance for the
female stages and ovipositing stages and the two peaks of April and February of
nymphs supported it. While in the 2”d year 1995/1996 they took place April/May
(911/ 100 leaves) - early august (1279/ 100 leaves) - early October (1578/ 100 leaves)
and early February (4941 / 100 leaves), the peaks of abundance for the total stages was
supported with peak of abundance for the ovipositing female stages with the exception
of the peak of October when peak of nymphs supported it. It was also observed that
peaks of abundance for male either preceded for coincided with peaks of abundance.
Seasonal abundance of Parlatoria blanchardii (Tar g)
Seasonal abundance of Parlatoria blanchardii (Targ) haS been studied
throughout the period 1994 - 1997 at Degwa, Qalubiyah Governorate. Results showed
the occurrence of two peaks of abundance per autumn in the I st year 1994/1995, these
peaks occurred in June (1473/40 branches) and September (8235/40 branches). Peaks
of abundance for the total of stages were supported with peaks of abundance for the
immature stages and ovipositing female stages in September and adult female stages in
June. While in 2” year 1995/1996 and 3rd year (1996/1997) they took place in May
(10092, 10214/40 branches) and September (7764, 8699/40 branches), respectively.
Peaks of abundance for the total stages were supported with peaks of abundance for
the female stages and immature stages. It was also observed that peaks of abundance
for males either preceded or coincided with peaks of abundance.
Seasonal abundance ofAonidiella aurantii Maskell
Seasonal abundance of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) has been studied
throughout the period 194 - 1996 at Shobra Hares, Qalubiyah governorate. Results
showed the occurrence of three peaks of abundance per annum. In the year
1994/1995, these peaks occurred in June (1885 / 100 leaves), August (1114/ 100
leaves) and March (841/100 leaves), while in the 2” year they took place in May
(858/100 leaves), August (1991/100 leaves) and March 2438/100 leaves). In both
two years, peaks of abundance for the total stages were supported with peaks of
abundance for the nymphal stage, female stage and adult male stage. Four important
scales belonging to order Homoptera under super Family Coccoidea and Family
Diaspididae and Coccidae were found to be infest species of citrus trees belonging to
Family Rutaceae, These species are Cit . . L T7 iTA!: hi t ,1 Cit I rus sinensis r ar. \” as zng on), I rus
Sinensis Var, Baladi, Citrus .S’inensis Var. Valenchia. These scales are: Cornuaspis
becidi (Newman) , Piatr a ort.a blan -hatylii II (Targ) Aonidiella aurantii (Makell) and
Ceroplastes floridensis (Comst).
Collected no rasitoids from samples have been identified as :
1 Primary ectoparasitoid: one parasitoid found to be associated with these pests,
belonging to order Hymenoptera and Family Aphelinidae. This was, A. lepidosaphes
(Comp.)
2. Hyperparasite: one parasitoid was found to be associated with these pests belonging
to order Hymenoptera and Family Aphelinidae this was Marietta sp. (Andre). which
parasitoid on A. lepidosaphes .
Predacious mites:
Predacious mites which have been found associated with scale insects during
the period of the study belonged to two families i.e.
Amblyseitts enab (EI-Badry) (Fain: Phytoseiidae)
Tydehts californicus ( Fam: Tydidae)
Chemical control of the scale insects infested citrus trees in
Oalubivah Governorate:
Field experiments were carried out in citrus orchards at Shobra Hares, Degwa
locality Qalubiyah Governorate during 94-96 on Cornuaspis beckii, Parlawria
blanchardii, Aonidielht aurantii and Cerop Ias tesfl onidens I’S to invsetigate the
efficacy of 3-9 treatments in controlling all the pests
Ch emlc.a I con t ro I 0f C bechii ’ P. blanchardii and A. aurantii preadult
(NI+N2) and adult female should be high response to the tested treatment then the
ovipositing female and total alive stages. Also were obtained differences between
treatment against the three insects total population could be arranged in groups
according to their reduction in total alive stages Methadithion, Actellic, Buprofezin,
Diazinon, Dimethoate, KZ oil. Anthio. Malathion, and Selecron.
Efficacy of the insecticides against PUrDIe scale insect. Conutasvis
~(Newm.)
Field experiment were carried out in citrus orchard which located at Shobra
Hares. The post treatment count in six trials the scalicides were obtained between
their reduction as follows Methadithion
total alive stages which could be in different products to
Actellic, Buprofezin, Diazinon and KZ oil
treatment against Cbeckii
reduction percentages in first trial as follow ranged 5.11 - 100%, second trial 49.6 -
100%, third trial 35.38 -100%, fourth trial 57.25 -96.8%, fifth trial one application
29.26-100% ,two sprays 62.64-100% I sixth trial one application3.15-98.1% two
application 0.9-99.8%.
Efficacy of the insecticides against Date- )alm scale insect
blancha-L, r .: Parlatoria
Field experiment were carried out in citrus orchard which located at Degwa
The post treatment count in four trials the scalicides were obtained between treatment
against P. blanchardii
total alive stages which could be in different products to their _
reduction in total alive stages as follows Diazinon , Actellic , Buprofezin, Dimethoate,
KZ
oil, Anthio Malathion and Selecron first trial ranged 16.98 - 98.4%, second trial
55.23 - 98.8%, third trial 23.58 - 100%and fourth trial 37.86 - 98.4%
Efficacy of insecicides against California red scale insect . .
aurantii Maskell Aonidiella
Field experiment were carried out in citrus orchard which located at Shobra
Hares. The post treatment count in four trials the scalicides were obtained between
treatment against A uurantii
. total alive stages which could be in different prod u’i:’o
their reduction in total alive stages as follows Actellic, Buprofezin and Diazinon
trial ranged I first
5.0-97.84%, second trial 37.5-100%, third trial 91.67 - 99.38%, fourth
trial 31.56 - 100%
Efficacy of insecticides a ainst Wax scale insect
oridemi nnest Cero lasses
Field experiment were carried out in citrus orchard which located at Shobra
Hares. The post treatment count in two trials the scalicides were obtained between
treatment against CI ttorkiensis
total alive stages which could be in different products
to their reduction in total alive stages as follows Actellic, Buprofezin and Diazinon first
trial ranged 97 _
.67-99.69%, second trial 97.05-99.55%
Fruits count trial
Field experiment were carried out in citrus orchard which located at Shobra
Hares. The post treatment count in one trial the scalicides were obtained between
treatment against C bec kiu, P. blanc hwy II”I and A. aurantii total alive stages which
could be in different products to their reduction in total alive stages as follows Actellic,
Buprofezin and Diazinon ranged 40.72- 95.41 % and reduction percentage of infested
count fruits ranged 51.16- 63.43%.