الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Rural woman serves the Family in many ways, whether
inside or outside the house. Rural woman used to prepare the
meals and preserves the food, takes care of the children, cleans
the house, watches the family health and manages house.
Socially, rural woman contributes in extension meetings,
training courses and home and office visits. Contribution of
rural woman in these activities varied according to their
personal characteristics, the degree of their exposure to the
extension and in developmental activities, and other
situational factors whether organizational, educational,
cultural, social, economical, geographical or political.
Agricultural extension is one of the systems that aim to
develop rural women, provide them with innovative
recommendations and help them to apply them. Rural woman
extension is one of the fields of extension work due to
women’s role for home economics and agricultural
production.
On the other hand rural woman plays a significant role in
family decision making ,those decisions may result in raising
the family standard of living and enhancing the level of the
community .
Yet, the studies of rural women participation in decision
making have not considered measuring women participation in
all decision-making stages with other family members.
Besides relationship between participation in family decision
making in home economics or extension activities has not
been investigated.
Hence, this study aims to:
l-Determine the differences between the means of
respondents’ participation in the family decisions of: selecting
seed variety, storing grains, buying modern agricultural tools,
initiating small projects, allowing girls to work, sibling
marriage, allowing children to complete education, selecting
the place of education for children, traveling outside the
village for health treatment, family planning, using advanced
gas oven in bakery ,using poisons baits for rats in the two
villages under study.
2- Determine the differences between the means of
respondents ’contribution in the home economic
activities of: food and nutrition, mother and child care,
cleanliness and hygiene, house management, and home
industries in the two villages under study.
3- Determine the differences between the means of
respondents’ contribution in the agricultural extension
activities of: extension meetings, training courses ,office visits
and home visits in the two villages under study.
4- Determine the relationship between the respondents’
participation in family decision and contribution in the
activities of home economics and agricultural extension fields.
5-Estimate the contribution of independent variables in
explaining the total variance in participation in family
decisions making.
The study was conducted in Sendenhour village, Banha
district and Meet kenana ,Toukh district .Qalubia Governorate
A systematic random sample was drawn from rural women
land holders and the wives of land holders from each
village. The sample of Sendenhour amounted to 122
respondents representing 15% of the study population of 813
women .And the sample of Meet Kenana amounted to 133
respondents representing 15% of the study population of 890
women.
Data were collected by personal interview using a pre-tested
questionnaire consisting of two parts .The first contained
questions and measures of the independent variable related to
women contribution in the activities of, food and nutrition,
mother and child care, cleanliness and hygiene, home
management ,and home industries ,as well as contribution in
extension meetings, training courses, office visits, and home
visits. The second part contained the questions and measures
of dependent variables pertaining to respondents’ participation
in 12 family decisions classified under 6 fields through the 5
stages of decision making.
Respondents’ contribution in home economics and
agricultural exstension activities is defined in this study as the
respondent sharing by money, effort, or opinion in the studied
activities or fields.
A respondent was given 4 points for her financial or
material contribution, 3 points for her contribution by effort, 2
points for opinion contribution, and 1 point in case of not
contributing. Hence the maximum score of the measure can
reach 9 point, and the minimum is 1 point.
Respondents’ participation in family decision making is
defined as womens’ in selection, adoption and rejection of
agricultural, economic. Social, educational, health and
environmental decisions with her husband or family members
beginning from the first time to hear about the idea through
evaluating to results. The decision making process is a five
stages process composed of: first hearing about the subject,
data collection, selecting in alternative, decision
implementation and final evaluation.To measure the degree of
respondent participation in family decision, respondent was
given 4 points for her participation with her husband only in
the family decision ,3 points for her participation with her
siblings only, 2 points for her participation with all of her
family members, and one point in case of not participation in
the family participation . Hence the maximum score of
respondent participation in every family decision can reach 20
points and the minimum is 5 point.
Simple correlation coefficient was used to estimate the
relationship between respondents ’participation in family
decision making and contribution in home economic and
agricultural extension activities. Stepwise regression was used
to define the contribution of independent variables related
significantly to the respondents’ participation in family
decision in explaining the variance in participation in family
decision making.
The study revealed the following results:
1- The difference between the mean of the respondents’
participation in family decisions in the two villages
under study was significant at 0.01 level and the
calculated value of (z) test was 2.99.
2- The difference between the mean of the respondents’
participation in home economic fields in the two
villages under study was significant at 0.05 level and
the calculated value of (z) test was 1.96.
3- The difference between the mean of the respondents’
participation in agricultural exstension fields in the
two villages under study was significant at 0.01 level
and the calculated value of (z) test was 7.24.
4- The degree of respondents’ participation in family
decision to select seed variety in sandanhour village
correlated significantly and positively at 0.01 level
with contribution in home industry, and contribution
in training courses, and correlated significantly and
positively at 0.05 level with contribution in food and
nutrition activities, office visits, and home visits.
5- The independent variable of participation in home
industries jointly explain 9.1% of the total variance in
participation in the agricultural family decision of
seed selecting in sandenhour village.
6- The respondents’ participation in family decision
regarding grain storage in sandanhour village
correlated significantly and positively at 0.01 level
with contribution in home industry participation in
food and nutrition activities, participation in home
visits and participation in training courses, and was
significantly and positively correlated at 0.05 level
with participation in home management activity ,and
participation in office visits.
7- The independent variable participation in home
industries explained 9.5 % of the total variance in
participation in the agricultural family decision of
grain storage in sandanhour village .
8- Respondents’ participation in agricultural family
decision of grain storage in Meet kenana village was
significantly and negatively correlated at 0.05 level
with participation in office visits only.
9- The independent variable of office visits explained 3.5
% of the total variance in participation in the
agricultural family decision of grain storage in Meet
kenana village.
10- The Respondents’ participation in family ecomomic
decision of initiating small projects in sandanhour
village was significantly and positively correlated at
0.01 level with participation in exstension meetings
and was significantly and positively correlated at 0.05
level with participation in office visits.
o
11- The independent variable of participation in
exstension meetings explained 4.4 % of the total
variance in participation in the family economic
decision of i:ntiating small projects in Sandanhour
village.
12- Paticipation in initiating small projects correlated was
significantly and positively at 0.05 level with
participation in food and nutrition, and participation in
mother care activities of Meet Kenana.
13- The independent variable of participation of food and
nutrition explained 3.5 0,4 of the total variance in
participation in the family economic decision of
initiating small projects in Meet Kenana village.
14- Participation in the family social decision of allowing
girls to work was significantly and positivrly
correlated at 0.05 level with participation in office
visits in Meet Kenana village .
15- The independent variables of participation in office
visits explained 3.3% of the total variance in
participation in the family social decision of allowing
girls to work in Meet Kenana village.
16- The participation in the family educational decision of
choosing the place of education for children was
significantly and negatively correlated at 0.05 level
with participation in home visits in Meet Kenana
village.
17- The independent variable of participation in home
visits explained 3.9% of the total variance in
participation in the family educational decision of
choosing the place of education for children in Meet
Kenana village .
18- Participation in the family hygiene decision of
traveling outside the village for health treatment was
significantly and positively correlated with
participation in home management activities at 0.01
level and was significantly correlated at 0.05 level
with participation in food and nutrition ,and
cleanliness and hygiene activities .
19- The independent variable of participation in home
management explained 7.2% of the total variance in
participation in the family hygiene decision of
traveling outside the village for health treatment in
Meet Kenana village .
20- Participation in the family hygiene decision of family
planning was significantly and positively correlated
with participation in mother and child care activity
,and training courses atO.Ol level ,while the same
relation at 0.05 level with participation in home
management activity ,and participation in extension
meetings in Sandanhour village.
21- The independent variable in mother and child care
explained 20.2% of the total variance in participation
in the family hygiene decision of family planning in
Sandanhour village.
22- Participation in the family hygiene decision of family
planning was significantly and positively correlated
with participation in mother and child care at 0.01
level in Meet Kenana village.
23- The independent variable of participation in mother
and child care explained 9.2% of the total variance in
participation in the family hygiene decision of family
planning in Meet Kenana village.
24- Participation in the family in environmental decision
of using advanced gas ovens in bakery was
significantly and positively correlated with
participation in extension meetings and participation
in home visits at 0.01 level,while it correlated
significantly atO.05 level with participation in home
v
management ,and participation in home industry
activities ,participation in training courses and
participation in office visits in Sandanhour village.
25-The independent variable of participation in extension
meetings explained 5.8% of the total variance in
participation in the family environmental decision of
using advanced gas ovens in bakery in Sandanhour
village.
The application benefits for this study are the
following three main points :
1- The necessity for planers and implementers of
agricultural exstension programmes to care about
setting extension programmes including informing
rural women about various home economics and
agricultural exstension activities.
2- When planning future extension programmes
aiming for developing rural women in the studied
or similar areas ,its important to care about
variables having high participation in affecting
them in participating in family decision making
developmental process reached in this study.
3- Future researches should care about other variables
not included in this study which may have
significant participation in the predicting ability
for various family decision making.