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Abstract
Infection is one of the major problems in the critical care units. Even when antibiotics are given for prophylaxis or treatment, the rate of infection is still high due to many factors such as decreased immunity,prolonged mechanical ventilation, large volume aspiration, nursing manipulation, sedation, disturbed conscious level and resustation.
The most common organisms causing hospital acquired pneumonia are the gram negative organisms. The most common is pseudomonas aeroginosa followed by klebsiella and staphylococcal aureus especially MRSA.
This study consists of 47 patients who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Menoufiya University Hospital during the period from January 2008 to December 2008 and were selected due to suspicion of developing pneumonia according to clinical, laboratory and/or radiological evidence .Sputum, endotracheal aspiration (EA), blood culture, pleural fluid aspiration were done to determine the source of ICU acquired pneumonia.
In this study 32(68.1%) cases were subjected to mechanical ventilation while 15(31.9%) were not subjected to mechanical ventilation.
This denotes those patients subjected to mechanical ventilation are more likely to develop ICU acquired pneumonia (VAP) than nonventilated patient. This most probably due to large-volume aspiration,sedation, decreased level of consciousness, Glasgow coma scale rating 9, emergency procedure, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and continous sedation.