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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic destructive • disease of joints, ..
characterized by inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, and abnormal cellular
and humoral immune respons~s. It is currently described to occur worldwide in
about 1 % of the adult population.
Many involved aspects of inflammation have not yet been examined in
RA because of the limitations of obtaining multiple sequential tissue biopsies
in humans. Hence, adjuvant induced arthritis is an animal immunological
model of progressive joint swelling, destruction and bone erosion, has been ..
shown to share certain clinical and immunological features with human RA. It •
is widely used, with a relatively high degree of validity, for testing antiinflammatory
and anti-rheumatic properties of drugs.
The therapeutic approach of RA aims to suppress the inflammatory
process in order to reduce pain and disability, and to prevent further joint
destruction. Complete remission of RA means the disappearance of the disease
activity either spontaneously or with anti-rheumatic therapy, without
subsequent relapse. If it occurs infrequently, remission is the ultimate goal of
therapy. Se~erallines of treatment are used for RA such as non-steroidal antiinflammatory
drugs and corticosteroids. Most of these drugs have many side
effects. Nowadays the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors production ceased
and collected from pharmacies due to their threatening side effects on liver and
heart; Because of these shortcomings, a more effective and safe therapeutic
strategy is required to treat RA. In this field, many drugs possess modified
pharmacological and toxicological properties when administered in the form of
metallic complexes.
Low-molecular-weight copper complexes have been proven beneficial
against several diseases such as turberculosis, gastric ulcers, rheumatoid
arthritis, and cancers. Since, copper ions are essential for the viability and maintenance of: (a) Connective tissue metabolism, (b) Bone growth and