الفهرس 
Chapter I : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fasciolosis is a serious parasitic disease infecting buffaloes, cattle,goats, sheep, donkeys, swine, horses, camels and rabbits which were
reported as vertebrate hosts for the parasite Fasciola Spp. Fasciolosis
causes great economic losses for breeders resulted from decreased
production of meat, milk, secondary bacterial infections and fertility
problems.
The study aimed to discuss the effect of fasciolosis on fertility
status, endocrine, haematological and biochemical profiles of the
parasitized female buffaloes. It aimed also, to improve fertility in nonpregnant
buffalo-cows through administration of exogenous
synchronizing drugs and assessment of the effect of these hormones on:
sex hormones, liver function tests parameters, Glucose and minerals in
serum and Erythrogram and Leukogram in the blood of healthy and
infected buffalo-cows before and after treatment. In addition, 12 infected
buffalo-cows were treated with two types of anti-Fasciola drugs and
measure the response of endogenous hormones to these drugs.
All animals in the farm (163 buffalo-cows) were examined for
parasitic infection using coprological and serological techniques. The
percentage of parasitic infection among all animals in the herd was
22.58% in younger animals (heifers) while, it was 26.5% in multiparous
animals. In heifers, the percentage of Fasciola infection was 6.45%. On
the other hand, it was 6.82% in multiparous animals.
ELISA technique scored 12 buffalo-cows showing positive titers
against Fasciola gigantica E/S antigen from those animals that were
previously classified as coprologically negative animals. Prevalence of
infection in buffalo-cows examined by faecal analysis was 6.75%awhereas, the idence of infection had increased to 14.11% using ELISA
method.
Results revealed that the length of post partum period (PPP)
increased significantly in the Fasciola infected animals compared to the
healthy animals. In addition, the length of lactation period and the daily
milk yield appeared to decrease significantly in the infected animals
compared to the healthy ones.
Current study showed that there was a significant decrease in
estradiol concentrations in the infected than the healthy group. However,
progesterone concentrations were increased significantly in the infected
buffalo-cows than the healthy ones.
Blood tests from individual animals were routinely used to extract
pertinent information relative to herd nutrition and help to diagnose
metabolic disease problems in ruminants. RBCs count in infected animals
was decreased significantly than that of the control healthy ones. The
study detected a high significant decrease in Hb concentrations of the
infected than that of the healthy animals. Regarding MCV and MCH
levels, they were decreased but not significantly in the infected than the
healthy group. MCHC in the infected animals showed a slight but not
significant elevation than that in the healthy ones. Moreover, WBCs
count was found to increase significantly in the infected group compared
to the healthy one.
Several serum enzyme assays were investigated by a number of
researchers and found to be useful as indicators of parenchyma liver cell
necrosis in domestic ruminants. ALT and AST concentrations were raised
significantly in infected than the healthy animals while, ALP
concentrations were decreased significantly in the infected than the
healthy ones.
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Both total and direct bilirubin were increased significantly in the
control infected group compared to the healthy one.
There were significant increases in the total protein and globulin
concentration in the infected than the healthy animals while, albumin
concentrations and A/G ratio decreased significantly in the infected group
than the healthy one.
A very high significant decrease in glucose concentrations was
found in the control infected than the control healthy animals.
A significant decrease in the iron, copper and phosphorus
concentrations was detected in the control infected animals than the
control healthy animals.
There was a significant decrease in estradiol concentrations and a
significant increase in progesterone concentrations of the healthy group
treated with GPG protocol and the healthy group treated with GPG plus
CIDR protocol. Infected animals showed a significant decrease in
estradiol and progesterone concentrations after treatment with GPG
protocol and GPG plus CIDR protocol.
The pregnancy rate in the healthy animals was (33.3 %) and
decreased to (16.7 %) in the presence of Fasciola infection. These
percentages increased after injecting GPG and GPG plus CIDR protocols
in healthy animals to 75 and 77.8%, respectively, and to 50 and 55.6%,
respectively, in infected animals. These results indicated that the use of
GPG and GPG plus CIDR protocols improved the reproductive efficiency
in the tested buffalo-cows.
There were significant increases in RBCs and WBCs counts,
RDW and lymphocyte percentages, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Hb, ALT,
ALP, globulin, glucose and phosphorus levels and significant decreases
in granulocyte percentage, AST, total and direct bilirubin and albumin
concentrations, A/G ratio and iron levels in infected animals injected with
Summary
93
GPG protocol than healthy animals receiving the same treatments.
Monocyte percentage, total protein and copper levels didn’t show any
significant differences between the infected and healthy groups treated
with GPG protocol.
Infected animals receiving the GPG plus CIDR protocol showed a
significant increase in WBCs count, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW
and lymphocyte percentages, Hb, AST, total and direct bilirubin, total
protein, globulin, glucose concentrations and a significant decrease in
monocyte percentage, ALT, ALP and phosphorus concentrations than
that of the healthy ones. Infected animals injected with GPG plus CIDR
protocol showed no significant differences in RBCs counts, granulocyte
percentage, albumin, iron and copper levels, when compared to healthy
animals receiving the same treatments.
Avinide® (Rafoxanide) and Fasciontel® (Closantel) were used as
anti-Fasciola treatment. It was found that E2 concentrations decreased
significantly in the groups treated with anti-Fasciola as compared to the
control group while, P4 increased significantly groups treated with anti-
Fasciola as compared to the control group. Fasciolosis impaired fertility
most likely as a consequence of the resulting pathological and
physiological changes. The results of the present work supported the idea
as when the infected buffalo-cows received anti-Fasciola treatments, the
pregnancy rates increased from 16.7 in the infected animals to 67.7%
after treatments.