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Abstract
After Urist’s pioneering experiments in 1965, BMPs became an area of extensive research for the identification of their potential role as treatment tools for bone regeneration. A landmark step forward was made with the use of recombinant gene technology, which enabled the production of large quantities of recombinant human BMPs. Since then, a number of preclinical studies have been performed in order to elucidate their mechanisms of action, and to assess their efficacy and safety for a variety of clinical applications in humans. Currently, there are two products approved by the FDA consisting of recombinant BMP-2 and BMP-7 loaded into ACS for clinical use for of spinal fusion , long bone fractures and non-union. Preclinical and clinical research is ongoing and needed not only in order to expand the use of BMPs in a variety of musculoskeletal conditions, but also to develop optimal techniques for an efficient and safe delivery of these proteins in humans.