الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Economics of red meats in Egypt with
Special Reference to Assiut Governorate
Summary
Animal products are considered to be the only source of animal protein, which is the vital nourishment necessary for human beings. So, animal production is not seen as a kind of productive activity of the support character in the national economy with all its forms, but also its products are considered as important, and imperative victuals necessary to make the body grow in a natural intact form.
This study aims at highlighting the current situation of animal production at both the national and regional levels. It also aims to study the consumption of red meats, their alternative, and the individual share of them, together with estimating the demand function on meat, and knowing the most important factors determining this demand.
The main study data were drawn from published and unpublished data released by the ministry of agriculture and its different systems, together with some references, papers, and theses in direct and indirect contact with the research topic.
In analyzing the data; the study relied on the analytical and descriptive method. It used a number of statistical analysis such as simple and multiple Regression analysis, using the linear programming technique and tabular display of relative comparisons.
The study included five main chapters; the first handled the theoretical frame and referential review of the most important previous studies related to the search topic.
The second chapter handled the position of animal production in the Egyptian agriculture, through studying the national productive capacity of red meats, and studying the productive capacity of different animal products. Studying the results of this chapter revealed that the average animal production value during the study period ( 1989 –2004) reached 23401.36 million L.E representing about 39.34% of the average agricultural production value of 59480.5 million L.E during the same mentioned period. As for the monetary value of the main animal production branches; cattle meat has the highest monetary value of all products.
The third chapter- with three sections- handled red meat consumption on the national level in the first chapter, studying the demand on red meat function in the second chapter, studying the relationship between red meats consumed and the total annual consumption expenditure in Egypt in the third chapter. The study in this chapter revealed a development in the consumption of the different types of local red meat during the study period (1989- 2004). The average consumed amount was estimated to be 554.9 thousand tons.
Studying the development of individual’s share of red meats showed an increase in the average individual’s share during the study period estimated by 20.3 kg/year. Studying the consumed amounts of red meat alternatives, and their individual’s share; showed an increase in the consumed amounts of white meat and fish meat. The average consumed amounts of these alternatives during the study period was estimated by 635.6 and 645.6 thousand tons, respectively. Also, the individual’s share of these kinds increased.
The fourth chapter, containing two sections, handled the foreign trade of red meats in Egypt. The first section dealt with red meat imports in Egypt. The second section studied the foreign markets exporting red meats to Egypt.
The results of the first section revealed an expansion in the nutritive gap during the study period. The average nutritive gap size was estimated to be about 534.59 thousand tons. The average percent of self-sufficiency, during the study period, was estimated by 58.8%.
A linear programming model was used in studying the optimum geographic distribution of mutton and red meats. The target function aimed at lowering the meat imports value by suggesting five models. The first model is the free one that does not contain any additional constraints. The second model is the stable countries model, from which we import meats for no less than three years period during ( 2000 –2004). The third model is the countries from which we import an amount over 4% of the total amount imported. The fourth model includes a number of sub-models of the different coalition countries, on the condition of keeping the stable countries in the first attempt. In the second attempt, dealing with coalition countries without any terms. The study showed that the best model of lowering the costs of red meats imports is the free model. Its imports value reached 343.34 million L.E, with a decline of 447.3 million L.E from the current value of imports estimated by 790.88 million L.E. The best lowering model of the value of mutton imports is the free model. The value of imports reached about 6.071 million L.E. with a decline of 1.624 million L.E. from the current value estimated by 7.695 million L.E.
The fifth chapter, contained four sections about the stature of animal production in Assiut Governorate. The first section dealt with the economic importance of the animal production capacity in Assiut Governorate. The second section dealt with the results of estimating the production functions of the study sample in the governorate. The third sections was concerned with studying the results of estimating the costs functions of the research sample. The fourth, and last, section studied the most important problems from which cattle breeders suffer in Assiut Governorate. The results of the first section revealed an increase in the numbers of live animals of cows and buffaloes. The study of the numbers of slaughtered animals in the governorate revealed an increase in the numbers of slaughtered cows, buffaloes, sheep, and camels.
The study of the monetary importance of income showed that the value of animal production increases in the study period( 1992 –2004). The average of this income was estimated by 823.14 million L.E. Also there was an increase in meat production, where its average, in the study period, was estimated by 322.16 million L.E. In estimating the production functions of the research sample farms; the following was shown: as for the first category ( ten heads or less) the most important factors influencing the final weight of the animal after plumping are: the animal’s weight at the beginning of plumping, the kind of forage introduced, the amount of clover forage introduced, the kind of plumped animal. As for the second category ( 10 to 20 heads) the most important factors are: the animal’s weight at the beginning of plumping, the kind of plumped animal. The third category ( 20 heads and more) the most important factors were: the animal’s weight at the beginning of plumping, the amount of dry forage introduced, the kind of plumped animal.
The estimation of production functions according to plumped animal kind showed that the factors influencing the final weight of the animal in plumping cows are: the age of the animal at the beginning of plumping, the animal’s weight at plumping, the kind of forage introduced, the amount of dry forage(drao).
The most important factors in plumping buffaloes are: the age of the animal at plumping. As for estimating the productive functions according to breed; the most important factors influencing the final weight of the animal after plumping are: the age of the animal at plumping, the kind of forage introduced, and the amount of green clover forage. The factors influencing the half-breed are: the animal’s age at plumping, the weight of the animal at plumping, the kind of forage introduced. As for foreign breed the most important factors are: the amount of green forage introduced of clover.
At estimating costs functions according to farm capacity; the optimum size of production in it was shown to be about 354.3&542.86 kg/head of the second and third farm capacities respectively. The size maximizing profit was estimated by 382.2 & 553.14 kg/head for both capacities respectively. As for buffaloes the optimum production size was estimated by 431.6 kg/head. The profit maximizing size was estimated by 435.5 kg/head. As for breeds; the optimum production size was estimated by 262.88, 384.3& 569.76 kg/head for native, half-breed, and foreign breed respectively. The profit maximizing size was estimated by 287.92, 411.75& 573.3 kg/head for the same breeds respectively. In studying the problems facing breeders in the governorate; the most important were: health problems, followed by funding ones, then the problems mentioned by breeders illustrated in the high price of feed, the lack of feed, the low quality of feed.
In light of the above, the study recommends:
1- Paying attention to increasing the numbers of animals producing red meats by educing high production breeds in the one hand, and enduring climatic conditions on the other hand.
2- Paying attention to planting feed, either by encouraging farmers or by setting a percentage of the cultivated area in each governorate, and allocating it to planting feed.
3- Improving veterinary services inside vet units in villages.
4- Encouraging breeders by providing production requirements with subsidized prices or by installm.