الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted on a sample of 16 subjects with an average age 12 years one month old, to evaluate and compare the conventional tooth-borne and osseo-integrated expanders in treatment of maxillary transverse deficiency.
The sample was equally divided into two groups. Each group had eight subjects. The first group was treated by rapid maxillary expansion through using conventional tooth-borne expander while the other one was treated through using osseo-integrated (bone-borne) expander. Both groups underwent rapid expansion till obtaining correction of the buccal crossbite.
The frontal and lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental casts were used to analyze and breakdown the biomechanical response of skeletal and dental units to both expanders.
Skeletal and dento-alveolar post-expansion changes and post-retention changes were evaluated. A comparison of the treatment results of the two appliances concluded the following:
• The conventional expander showed greater increase in the inter-molar width than that of osseo-integrated expander.
• The conventional expander showed a greater increase in the inter-premolar width than that of osseo-integrated expander.
• The Overbite decrease in conventional expander was more than in osseo-integrated expander.
• The conventional expander produced a greater increase in arch perimeter than in osseo-integrated expander.
• The amount of transverse skeletal expansion was greater in osseo-integrated expander than in conventional expander.
• The amount of transverse dental expansion was greater in conventional expander than in osseo-integrated expander.
• The rotational angle of maxillary first permanent molars and maxillary first premolars was increased in conventional expander more than in osseo-integrated expander.
• The amount of skeletal change in vertical direction was increased in conventional expander than osseo-integrated expander.
• The amount of maxillary first permanent molar buccal tipping was increased in conventional expander more than in osseo-integrated expander.
• Both expanders showed insignificant variation in changing the skeletal and dental tissues in antero-posterior direction