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Abstract
ABSTRACT
A lysimeter experiment was conducted and filled using with calcareous, alluvial and sandy soils to evaluate the impact of using elemental sulfur on yield and nutrients uptake of cowpea, wheat and barley plants irrigated with diluted sea water recording EC values of 2000, 3000 and 4000mgKg-1 the rate of sulfur applications was 0, 200 and 400 Kg S/fed. and increasing the salinity to 4000 mgKg-1 gradually significantly decreased the fresh and dry weights of cowpea and each of shoot and grain yield of wheat and barley plants. The reductions in the fresh weight of cowpea irrigated with 4000 mgKg-1 saline water were 44%, 24% and 17% for plant cultivated in calcareous, alluvial and sandy soils, respectively. The reductions in the shoot yield of wheat were as follow: sandy>alluvial>calcareous soils, and the reductions in the grain yield under the same conditions were 27%,15% and 23% relative to the control for calcareous, alluvial and sandy soils, respectively. The reductions in shoot and grain yield of barley plant cultivated in the calcareous, alluvial and sandy soils were 27%, 15% and 23% relative to the control for shoot and 48%, 49% and 32% for grain, respectively. Salinity levels also significantly reduced the total uptake of NPK of all crops cultivated in different soils under study.
Under sulfur applications the fresh and dry weights of cowpea as well as shoots and grain yield of wheat and barley significantly increased relative to the control treatment. Under highest salinity level (4000ppm) and the higher rate of sulfur (400KgS/fed.) the increments in the crops under study and cultivated in calcareous, alluvial and sandy soils were 70%, 25% and 12% for dry weight of cowpea,19%, 5% and 12% for grain yield of wheat and 13%, 5% and 7% for barley shoot and 74%, 60% and 46% for barley grain yield, relative to the control, respectively. Also, sulfur applications significantly increased total uptake of NPK of all crops cultivated in different soils, especially the calcareous soil.
The chemical composition of soils under study after cropping showed that each of EC, SAR and soil pH increased with increasing salinity levels in the irrigation water, while sulfur application decreased each of EC and pH and SAR.
Key words: Diluted sea water, Lysimeter experiment, sulfur applications, dry weight, nutrient uptake, cowpea, wheat, barley, calcareous, alluvial and sandy soils, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR).