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Abstract
Eessay is amid to review physiological background of stem cell development and Scientific bases of their possible clinical applications and evaluate their current uses and possible advantagesincluding brain, hepatocyte, pancreas like cell, muscles and bone.Scientists have announced the achievement of one of the most important goals in biology by isolating from human embryos a primitive kind of cell that can grow and differentiate into every kind of human tissue, This This long awaited discovery of human ES cells, that give use to all specialized tissue in a developing fetus was hailed by researchers as a landmark event with vast biomedical potential. Human ES cells are derived from the inner cell mas of the blastocyst (day 5 embryonic life) as well as from gonadal ridges of 9-11 week post fertilization human embryos. The source of those embryos are those left over in IVF clinics donated by parents, after an informed concent. Human ES cells are unspecialized cells that can self renew independently in culture and that can differentiate into more mature cells with specialized functions, these cells also exhibit plasticity criteria, so they have the ability to form any fully differentiated tissue of the body. .