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Abstract
Abstract
An experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of the faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, throughout 3 summer seasons 2005,2006 and 2007, to study the genetic behavior and combining ability of some morphological traits, yield and fruit quality in four varieties of watermelon (Giza 21, Crimson sweet, Sugar baby and Dixie queen). The parents were selfed for one generation to obtain inbred lines for crossing, to produce F1 s seed generation. Crosses were carried out in complete diallel design during summer season of 2006. The pure seed of the parents and F1 s with reciprocal were planted in summer season of 2007 in order to estimate the inheritance and combining ability of these traits, which are (1) length, width and area of leaf cotyledonary, main stem length, number of branches and leaves per plant and length and width of leaf.(2) number of days to the opening of first male and female flower, number of fruit and total yield per plant.(3) fruit weight, rind thickness, length, width and shape of fruit, total soluble solids and number of seeds per fruit. The results showed partial dominance for some traits and over dominance for the others. Narrow sense heritability was high for most of the traits except main stem length, number of branches and leaves per plant, leaf width, number of days to the opening of first female flower, total yield per plant, rind, thickness, fruit shape and number of seeds per fruit. Some varieties showed good general combining ability effects for some traits and poor effects for others. For most traits the ratio of G.C.A /S.C.A was greater than one. Isozyme variation showed that there was no variation between parents and their hybrids. Protein electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) showed that there were some variations between the parents and their hybrids.
Key words: Watermelon-genetic analysis- heritability- general and specific combining ability- Isozyme variation-protein and RAPD