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Abstract
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is one of the most common and lifethreatening
complications of cirrhosis (1). Bacterial overgrowth with translocation
through the increased permeable small intestinal wall and impaired defense
mechanisms is considered to be the main mechanism associated with its
occurrence. The prompt diagnosis of SBP is the key factor for reduction observed
in mortality rates in recent years. The clinical diagnosis of SBP is neither sensitive
nor specific and the search for new practical and available tools for a rapid
diagnosis of SBP is an important end point of current studies (2).
The prompt use of empirical antibiotics, mostly Cefotaxime, improves
significantly the short-term prognosis of cirrhotic patients with SBP (2,3). The
recurrence rate of SBP is high and antibiotic prophylaxis has been recommended in
high-risk settings. Unfortunately, the long-term prognosis remains poor (4).