الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The El-Ismailia canal is constructed in the years of 1858~1863 to supply drinking water to the villages on the Suez Canal zones and to the during digging the Suez Canal Navigation Route. The El-Ismailia canal extending eastward for about 125 km from the River Nile at Shupra, north of Cairo, to El-Ismailia city on the Suez Canal. The El-Ismailia canal is the principle source of drinking water supply for a great number of the Egyptian citizens(about 12 million inhabitants), including those living in northern part of Cairo, Shupra El- Kheima, Mattaria, Musturod, Abu-Zabal, Inchas, Bilbeis, Abbasa, Abu-Hammad, Zagazeeg and El-Tell El-Kabier, before entering the Suez Canal Province.
There are many treatment methods for contaminated sites such as preceptation, chemical oxidation or reduction, filtration, ion exchange and memberane technologies, have been used to get rid of the pollutants. Biological methods-bioremoval-such as biosorption, bioaccumulation and /or other methods for the removal of pollution especially heavy metals may provide attractive alternative methods.
The present study carriedout with the following points:
I-Efficacy of Biological treatment of water as alternative chemical treatment.
II-Physico-chemical characteristics of water samples(Air and water temperature,pH ,Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen ,Biological oxygen demand ,…..etc.)
III-Microbiological analysis(Total viable bacterial count at 22 and 37°C,Total coilform , Faecal coilform ,Total streptococci , Faecal streptococci ,…..etc.)
IV-Isolation, purification and Identification of the most talent isolate used for biological treatment.
V-Biological treatment with a nanocomposite material.
VI- Statically analysis examine the basic characteristics and kinetics of water samples , as well as to prove the applicability of a single stage, simultaneous biological removal process of pollutants (artifacial pollutants) besides the application on drinking water
This study had led to a number of findings and observations which may be summarized as follow:
1- The rang of air temperature of El-Ismailia canal at five locations were ranged from16.5 to 29.8 OC the lowest value was recorded in February at point ”I’’ and the highest one was recorded in July; at Point ”II” .
2- The rang of water temperature of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 15.8 C to 27C the lowest value was recorded in March at up stream point ”III’’ and the highest one was recorded in June; at Point ”IV” .
3- The turbidity concentration values of the El-Ismailia canal at five locations were in the range of 12 to 23 during the period of samples collection. The highest turbidity value was recorded during February with regional average 20.4.
4- The hydrogen ion concentration (pH) values of the El-Ismailia canal at five locations were in the range of 7.3 to 8.40 during the period of samples collection. The highest pH value was recorded during June with regional average 8.17.
5- The dissolved oxygen (DO )in El-Ismailia canal at five tested locations the results indicated that, the highest values of regional average were 6.951and 7.112 mgO2 /L during February and March, while the lowest values of regional average were scrod during November and September with 4.713 and 4.928 mgO2 /L respectively.
6- BOD 5values ranged from (1.365) to (4.235) mg O2/L. The regional average of BOD revealed that, the lowest value were recorded at February; 1.961 mg O2/L and June 2.048 mg O2/L.
7- COD values were ranged from 4 to 26 mg O2/l, the lowest value was recorded in July at surface point ”I’’ and the highest one was recorded in July; at Point ”IV” .
8- The rang of total hardness of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 107 to 160 mg/l the lowest value was recorded in July at surface water point ”I’ and the highest one was recorded in October; at Point ”I”
9- The rang of calcium hardness of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 66 to 110 mg/l the lowest value was recorded in July at surface water point ”I’’ and the highest one was recorded in February; at Point ”V”
10- The rang of calcium ions of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 26.7 to 44 mg/L the lowest value was recorded in July at surface water point ”I’’ and the highest one was recorded in February; at Point ”V”.
11- The rang of total magnesium hardness of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 30 to 60 mg/L the lowest value was recorded in December at surface water point ”I ’ and the highest one was recorded in December; at Point ”III”.
12- The rang of magnesium ions of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 7.2 to 14.4 mg/L, the lowest value was recorded in December at surface water point ”I’’ and the highest one was recorded in December ; at Point ”III”.
13- The rang of total alkalinity CaCO3 of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 100 to 162 mg/L, the lowest value was recorded in February at surface water point ”I’’ and the highest one was recorded in February; at Point ”V”
14- The rang of alkalinity of be carbonate of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 4 to 18 mg/L, the lowest value was recorded in May at surface water point ”I’’ and the highest one was recorded in October; at Point ”V”
15- Conductivity values at surface water were ranged from 290 to 412(µS/CM), the lowest value was recorded in December at surface water point ”II’’ and the highest one was recorded in December; at Point ”III”.
16- The rang of total dissolved solids of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 191.4 to 271.9 mg/L, the lowest value was recorded in December at surface water point ”III’’ and the highest one was recorded in December; at Point ”III”.
17- The rang of total suspended solids of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 0.04to 3.816 mg/L, the lowest value was recorded in July at surface water point ”III’’ and the highest one was recorded in December ; at Point ”III”.
18- The rang of Iron content of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water were ranged from 0.20 to 1.6 mg/ L, the lowest value was recorded in April and June at up stream point ’’ I ’’ and ’’ II ’’ and the highest one was recorded in January & December ; at Point ( ’’II ’’ & ”V”)
19- The log numbers of coliforms densities in El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water was ranged from 3.21 to 6.32 cells / L, of water sample. The data given in the table shown that, the highest values of coliforms were recorded at point (I).
20- The log number of faecal coliforms of El-Ismailia canal at five locations at surface water was ranged from 3.25 and 5.37 cells / L, of water sample. The annual average showed that. The highest values were recorded at point (I) with 4.674 cells/ L, water sample.
21-The MPN of Total Streptococci values were fluctuated between 3.56 and 5.60 cells /L, water sample. The annual average show that, the maximum and minimum values were 4.89 cells /L, at mixing point station (III) and 4.575 cells /L, at surface water point station (I) respectively.
22- The log number of MPN of faecal Streptococci in El-Ismailia canal at five locations the MPN of faecal Streptococci values were fluctuated between 2.65 and 5.63 cells /L water sample.
23- The log number of bacterial count at 22oC in El-Ismailia canal at five locations the bacterial count at 22oC values were fluctuated between 1.255 and 2.544 cells /L water sample.
24- The bacterial count at 37oC values were fluctuated between 1.146 and 2.302 cells /L water sample. The annual average show that, the maximum and minimum values were 2.103 cells /L at point station ( I ) and 2.099 cells /L at surface water point station (II) respectively.
25- Total viable Actinomyctes count in El-Ismailia canal at five locations the total viable Actinomyctes count values were fluctuated between 0 and 22 cfu /L water sample. The annual average show that, the maximum and minimum values were 6.083 cfu /L at point station (V) and 4.583 cfu /L at surface water point station (IV) respectively.
26- Total viable Pseudomonas sp count in El-Ismailia canal at five location the total viable Pseudomonas count values were fluctuated between 0 and 6 cfu /L water sample. The annual average show that, the maximum and minimum values were 1 cfu /L at point station (I ) and 0.5 cfu /L at surface water point station (II&IV) respectively.
27- The selected bacterial isolates ( 26 isolates) which found to grow well in Glucose Mineral Salts with the presence of 200 mg/ Lof Cu , Fe and Zn the isolates No. 50 were the most active isolates that grow in the presence of heavy metals ions (Cu+2 ,Fe+2 and Zn+2 ).
28- Statically analysis of water sample of El-Ismailia canal. laboratory experiment to show how micro organisms in water play an important role in water purification of artificially polluted water by CuSO4 .5H2O or Fe SO4 .5H2O or Ni2O2 compounds ; concentration versus time of aeration .
29- Biological treatment is defined as the process where by wastes are biologically degraded under controlled conditions to an innocuous state, or to levels below concentration limits established by regulatory authorities. Biological treatment is the use of living organisms, primarily microorganisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. In the present study a physico-biological treatment is used to enhance the biotreatment. Nanocomposite used in the biotreatment plays an important role in adsorbing both organic and /or in organic matter dissolved in water besides the adsorption of microorganisms ( natural flora ) in water .The microorganism and other pollutants physical adsorbed on Nan- composite granules results in the formation of the biofilm . The bioreaction of microorganism accumulated on the Nan composites in the presence of continuous aeration lead to the pollutants compounds oxidation
Recommend of thesis
The results of this study recommend that is to use the safe biological treatment rather than chemical methods used in the treatment of drinking water, which led to the deterioration of the overall health of humans and animals.