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Abstract
The incidence of stroke in women dramatically increases after menopause and the risk continues to increase with age, this was attributed to the natural decreased estrogen level accompanied with menopause.
Although different mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of stroke, increasing evidence shows that ischemic injury, inflammation, free radicals formation and apoptosis account for its pathogenic progression.
Although reperfusion of ischemic brain tissue is critical for restoring normal function, it can paradoxically result in secondary damage, called ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Oxidative stress mediators released by inflammatory cells around the I/R injured areas are suggested to play a critical role and are accused for the turn on process of apoptosis.
Estrogen replacement therapy during menopause revealed an increased risk for breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke and venous thromboembolic events. Genistein ,one of phytoestrogens compounds found in soy-based food, is a compound with tissue-selective actions with agonistic estrogenic actions in certain tissues (e.g. brain), but antagonistic activity in tissues such as the breast and endometrium .
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effects of Estrogen replacement therapy and Genistein when administered immediately after ovariectomy on permanent ischemia and on transient brain ischemia (ischemia reperfusion)
This study was conducted on 60 Albino female rats which were divided into two groups:
Group A: permanent ischemia Group (PI)Including 30 Albino female rats 19 weeks of age were ovariectomized to eliminate endogenous ovarian steroid production .They were subdivided into 3 subgroups 10 rats each:
Subgroup A1 (PIC): control group received subcutaneous (SC) injection of the vehicle ”dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) 0.01%”, once daily for one week .
Subgroup A2 (PIE): Estrogen administered group received SC injection of 10 µg 17-ß-oestradiol-3-benzoate dissolved in DMSO 0.01%, once daily for one week.
Subgroup A3 (PIG): Genistein administered group received SC injection of Genistein at dose 30 mg/Kg body weight dissolved in DMSO 0.01%, once daily for one week.
At 20 weeks of age, Rats of that group were anesthetized and their left common carotid artery permanently occluded by a nylon suture to induce cerebral ischemia.