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Abstract
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The present work aimed to study the effects of some preservative materials treatments (pulsing and holding solutions) and cold storage for two durations each alone, as well as their combinations on the postharvest characters, water relation, bacterial counts and chemical constituents of Strelitzia reginae.
The present work contained studying three factors and the interactions between them. The first factor was storage period treatments, bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes were stored at 5±1°C for 0 and 7 days. whereas, the second factor was pulsing solution treatments as sucrose (S) at 20% + 8-hydroxy quinolene sulphate (8-HQS) at 200 ppm for 12 hours, silver thiosulphate (STS) at 1 : 4 mM for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) at 25 ppm for 12 hours, sucrose (S) at 20% + ethanol extracts from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) (OE) at 200 ppm for 12 hours, sucrose (S) at 20% + ethanol extracts of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L) (GE) at 200 ppm for 12 hours, sucrose (S) at 20% + ethanol extracts from sweet basil (OE) (100 ppm) + ethanol extracts gerbera (GE) at 100 ppm for 12 hours. However, the third factor was holding solution treatments as distilled water (D.W) , 5% sucrose + 200 mg / l 8-HQS + 200 mg / l citric acid and 5%sucrose + 200 mg / l ethanol extracts from sweet basil (OE) + 200 mg / l citric acid besides to the interaction treatments between them. In addition, the data recorded were postharvest characters (longevity; floret opening and wilting percentages and change percentage in fresh weight of cut flower spike), water relation (water uptake , water loss and water balance), average of bacterial counts in vase solution and some chemical constituents (anthocyanins pigments, carotenoids, the percentages of each of total, reducing and non reducing sugars and total proteins).
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
I. Effect of pulsing solution treatments
1. Pulsing bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil at 200 ppm (OE) + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours recorded the high significant increase in flower longevity compared to other treatments under study and control.
2. Pulsing bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil at 200 ppm (OE) + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours recorded the high significant increase in floret opening percentage after 12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments as well as change percentage of fresh weights after 30 days from the treatments and decreased floret wilting percentage after 12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments compared to other treatments under study and control.
3. Pulsing bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil at 200 ppm (OE) + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours recorded the high significant increase of water uptake decreased water loss and improvemed water balance after 12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments as compared the other ones and control.
4. Pulsing bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in silver thiosulphate silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) at 200 ppm + 20% sucrose (S) or 20%S +200 ppm 8-HQS for 12 hours recorded the significantly highest decrease in number of bacteria in vase solution as compared to other treatments under study and control in the two seasons.
5. Pulsing bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in extracts from sweet basil (OE) at 200 ppm + 20%sucrose (S) for 12 hours recorded the high significant increase in anthocyanins content in the petals compared to other treatments under study and control. Also, pulsing bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in pulsing solutions increased the percentages of each of total, reducing sugars compared to control as well as increased non reducing sugars and total proteins in the florets as compared to other treatments under study and control.
II. Effect of storage periods treatments
1. Longevity of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes was decreased as the storage period increased. whereas, bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes stored at 5±1°C for 7 days recorded highly significant decrease in flower longevity and increase in floret wilting percentage as compared to storage at 0 -time treatments.
2. Bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes stored at 5±1°C for 0-time recorded highly significant increase in flower longevity and floret opening percentage compared to storage at 5±1°C for 7 days. whereas, storage at 5±1°C for 7 days increased change percentage of fresh weights after 12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments compared to control.
3. Bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes stored at 5±1°C for 0-time recorded highly significant increase in water uptake after 30 days from the treatments as compared to storage at 5±1°C for7 days. Also, storage at 5±1°C for 7 days recorded highly significant increase in water balance after 6,12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments as compared to storage at 5±1°C for 0-time treatment.
4. Number of bacteria in vase solution was not affected as the storage period increased. whereas, bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes stored at 5±1°C for 7 days recorded an increase in number of bacteria in vase solution in the first season and a decrease in number of bacteria in vase solution in the second season.
5. Bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes stored at 5±1°C for 7 days recorded highly significant increase in anthocyanin content in the petals, , the percentages of each of total, reducing and total proteins in the floret as compared to 0-time treatments.
III. Effect of holding solutions treatments
1. The treatment of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in a holding solution which contained 5% sucrose + 200 mg / l 8-HQS + 200 mg / l citric acid or 5%sucrose + 200 mg / l OE + 200 mg / l citric acid recorded the high significant increase in flower longevity as compared to control (distilled water treatment).
2. The treatment of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in holding solution contained sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid or sucrose + OE + citric acid recorded the high significant increase in floret opening percentage as well as change percentage of fresh weight and decreased floret wilting percentage as compared to control (distilled water treatment).
3. Holding bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in a holding solution which contained sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid or 50 g/l sucrose + 200 mg / l OE + 200 mg / l citric acid recorded the high significant increase in water uptake , water loss and water balance after 12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments as compared to control (D.W treatment).
4. Holding bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in a holding solution which contained sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid or 50 g/l sucrose + 200 mg / l OE + 200 mg / l citric acid recorded the high significant decrease in number of bacteria in vase solution as compared to control (D.W treatment). Also, holding bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in a holding solution which contained sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid recorded the high significant decrease in number of bacteria in vase solution as compared to the other treatments under study.
5. Holding bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in holding solution which contained sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid or sucrose + OE + citric acid recorded significant increases in anthocyanin content compared to the other ones. Also, holding bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes bases in holding solutions recorded significant increases in percentages of each of total, reducing as well as non reducing sugars and decreased total proteins% in the florets as compared to the control.
IV. Effect of interaction treatments between storage pulsing solutions and periods
1. The treatment of interaction between pulsing solutions with silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil at 200 ppm (OE) + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours and storage periods at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days recorded the high significant increase in longevity of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes.
2. The treatment of interaction between pulsing solutions with silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil at 200 ppm (OE) + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours and storage periods at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days recorded the high significant increase in floret opening percentage after 30 days from the treatments as well as change percentage of fresh weight of bird-of-paradise cut flower spike after 24 and 30 days from the treatments while decreased floret wilting percentage compared to other treatments under study.
3. The treatment of interaction between storage at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days and silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil at 200 ppm (OE) + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours and storage periods (as a pulsing solution), recorded highly significant increase in water uptake and water balance after 24 and 30 days from the treatments as compared to the other treatments.
4. The treatment of interaction between storage at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days and silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) at 200 ppm + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours and storage periods (as a pulsing solution), decreased number of bacteria in vase solution as compared to other treatments under study and control.
5. The treatment of interaction between 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days (as storage periods) and silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil at 200 ppm (OE) + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours (as a pulsing solution), recorded the high significant increase in anthocyanins content in the petals as compared to the other treatments. Also, the treatment of interaction between 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days as storage periods and pulsing solutions recorded highly significant increase in total and reducing sugars percentages as compared to the other treatments. The treatment of interaction between 5±1°C for 7 days (as storage periods) and sucrose+8-HQS for 12 hours (as pulsing solution), recorded the high significant increase in non reducing sugars percentages as compared to the other treatments and control.
V. Effect of interaction treatments between pulsing solutions and holding solutions
1. The interaction treatment between pulsing solution of silver thiosulphate (STS) + gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) + sucrose (S) for 12 hours and holding solution contained sucrose + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate + citric acid or sucrose + extracts from sweet basil (OE) + citric acid recorded highly significant increase in longevity of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes compared to other treatments under study.
2. The treatment of interaction between pulsing solutions and holding solutions recorded highly significant increase in floret opening percentage as well as increased, fresh weight of bird-of-paradise cut flower spike after12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments and recorded highly significant decrease in floret wilting percentage compared to control. The interaction treatment between pulsing solution of silver thiosulphate (STS) + gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) + sucrose (S) for 12 hours and holding solution contained sucrose + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate + citric acid or sucrose + extracts from sweet basil (OE) + citric acid recorded highly significant increase in floret opening percentage as well as recorded significant increased fresh weight of bird-of-paradise cut flower spike and recorded significant decrease in floret wilting percentage compared to other treatments under study.
3. The treatment of interaction between pulsing solutions and holding solutions recorded highly significant increase in water uptake and water balance of bird-of-paradise cut flower spike after12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments. The interaction treatment between pulsing solution of silver thiosulphate (STS) + gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) + sucrose (S) for 12 hours and holding solution contained (sucrose at + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate + citric acid) increased in water uptake and recorded highly significant increase in water balance after12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments as compared to the other treatments.
4. The interaction treatment between pulsing solution of silver thiosulphate (STS) + gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) + sucrose (S) for 12 hours and holding solution contained (sucrose at + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate + citric acid) recorded highly significant decrease number of bacteria in vase solution as compared to other treatments under study and control.
5. The interaction treatment between pulsing solutions and holding solutions contained recorded highly significant increase in anthocyanins content in the petals as well as total, reducing non reducing sugars and total proteins percentages in the florets of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes as compared to the other treatments under study and control.
VI. Effect of interaction treatments between storage periods and holding solutions
1. The treatment of interaction between storage periods and holding solution recorded highly significant increase in longevity compared to control. The interaction treatment between storage period at 5±1°C for 0-time and holding solution containing (sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid) recorded highly significant increase in longevity of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes compared to other treatments under study.
2. The treatment of interaction between storage periods and holding solution recorded highly significant increase in floret opening percentage as well as increased change percentage of fresh weight of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes after12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments compared to control. The interaction treatment between storage period at 5±1°C for 0-time and holding solution containing (sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid) recorded highly significant increase in floret opening percentage as well as increase in change percentage of fresh weight of bird-of-paradise cut flower spike besides decrease in floret wilting percentage after12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments compared to other treatments under study.
3. The interaction treatment between storage period at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days (as storage periods) and holding solution containing (sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid) or (sucrose + OE + citric acid) recorded highly significant increase in water uptake and improvement in water balance as compared to the other one. The interaction treatment between storage period at 5±1°C for 0-time (as storage periods) and holding solution containing (sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid) recorded highly significant increase in water uptake and improvement in water balance after 30 days from the treatments as compared to the other one.
4. The interaction treatment between storage period at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days (as storage periods) and holding solution containing (sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid) or (sucrose + OE + citric acid) recorded highly significant decrease in number of bacteria in vase solution as compared to control.
5. The interaction treatment between storage period at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days (as storage periods) and holding solution containing (sucrose + 8-HQS + citric acid) or (sucrose + OE + citric acid) recorded highly significant increase in anthocyanins in the petals, as well as total, reducing and non reducing sugars and total proteins percentages as compared to the control.
VII. Effect of interaction treatments between storage periods, pulsing solutions and holding solutions
1. The interaction treatments between pulsing solution of silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours and storage periods at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days and holding solution contained (sucrose at 50 g/l + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate at 200 mg/l + citric acid at 200 mg/l ) recorded highly significant increase in longevity of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes compared to other treatments under study.
2. The interaction treatments between pulsing solution of silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) + 20% sucrose (S) for 12 hours and storage periods at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days and holding solution contained (sucrose at 50 g/l + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate at 200 mg/l + citric acid at 200 mg/l ) recorded highly significant increase in floret opening percentage and change percentage of fresh weight as well decrease in floret wilting percentage of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes after12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments compared to other treatments under study.
3. The interaction treatments between pulsing solution of silver thiosulphate (STS) + gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) + sucrose (S) for 12 hours and storage periods at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days and holding solution contained (sucrose + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate + citric acid) or (sucrose + ocimum extracts + citric acid) increase in water uptake as well as recorded highly significant increase and water balance of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes after12, 18, 24 and 30 days from the treatments as compared to the other treatments.
4. The interaction treatments between pulsing solution of silver thiosulphate (STS) + gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) + sucrose (S) for 12 hours and storage periods at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days and holding solution contained (sucrose + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate + citric acid) or (sucrose + ocimum extracts + citric acid) recorded highly significant decrease number of bacteria in vase solution of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes as compared to other treatments under study and control.
5. The treatment of interaction between pulsing solution, storage periods and holding solution recorded highly significant increase in anthocyanins in the petals and total sugars percentages in the floret of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes as compared to control. The interaction treatments between pulsing solution of silver thiosulphate (STS) + gibberellic acid (GA3) or extracts from sweet basil (OE) + sucrose (S) for 12 hours and storage periods at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days and holding solution contained (sucrose + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate + citric acid) or (sucrose + ocimum extracts + citric acid) recorded highly significant increase in reducing and non reducing sugars and total proteins percentages in the floret of bird-of-paradise cut flower spikes as compared to the other treatments.
VIII. Recommendation
Generally, the higher quality and the longest vase life of Strelitzia reginae cut flower spikes were obtained by using the interaction treatments between pulsing solutions of silver thiosulphate (STS) (1: 4 mM) for 30 minutes then 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) for 12 hours and storage periods at 5±1°C for 0-time and 7 days and holding solution contained (sucrose at 50 g/l + 8-hydroxy-quinolene sulfate at 200 mg/l + citric acid at 200 mg/l ) compared to the other ones under study.