الفهرس 
Surgical AnatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Congenital cataract is a lens opacity in pediatric group of people.
The prevalence of visually significant cataract diagnosed within the first year of life ranges from one to ten thousands of births.
These cataract classified according to many factors such as causes, morphology, age and date of onset.
One third of congenital cataracts are hereditary and not associated with any metabolic or systemic disorders.
Congenital cataract can be caused by many causes such as Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus and maternal drugs.
Metabolic disorders has an important role in congenital cataract formation as galactosaemia, Galactokinase deficiency, hypocalcaemia, and may be associated with some diseases such as Refsum’s disease, Fabry’s disease and Duane’s syndrome.
Some ocular diseases are associated with congenital cataract as retinitis pigmentosa, uveitis, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, aniridia, and Fuch,s heterochromia.
Trauma is the most common cause of unilateral cataract in young individuals.
Patient with a congenital cataract may presenting with leukocoria lack of visual attention to the environment and photophobia.
Visual acuity assessment , complete ocular examination and pediatric consultation with investigations preoperatively should be done for all patients having congenital cataract.
The critical period for visual development in unilateral cases is 17 weeks while for bilateral cases is not definitely known but the infant should be operated before age of three months after this time nystagmus occurs due to sensory deprivation. Pupil dilatation should be performed preoperatively.
The wound size is adjusted according to planning of IOL implantation.
Anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis followed by irrigation aspiration. Posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy( anterior one third) should be done in all patients under seven years.
Implantation of IOL may be performed primarily in the same set or secondary in other set and may be implanted PC or AC, and then closure of the wound and eye patching.
Some advanced techniques for IOL implantation are recorded as piggyback IOL in which two IOLs are implanted, the anterior one is removed as myopic shift happened while the posterior IOL power correcting the myopia predicted in that age.
One of the most recent techniques of secondary IOL implantation is Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) Guided.
Many complications are recorded in congenital cataract surgery as hyphema, retinal detachment, posterior capsule opacification, aphakic glaucoma and uveitis.