الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the rate of prevalence of ESBLs production among members of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urinary tract infections. Also the study aimed to study the genetic determinants, the mechanisms of resistance dissemination and the co-resistance to other drugs used in UTI treatment.Among the 330 urine specimens collected, one hundred and ninety seven (197) specimens were positive urine culture belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae. from these cultures 150 were identified as Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Proteus. E. coli isolates were identified in 118 out of 150 isolates (78.7%), Klebsiella were 22 isolates (14.7%), and ten (6.7%) as Proteus. Isolates identification was based mainly on culture and biochemical characters of the isolates as growth on TSI, IMVC, phenylalanine deaminase, urease tests, motility,and swarming phenomenon. The isolates showed decreased in susceptibility to third generation of cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime), aztreonam, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. The rate of resistance was 84% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 39.3% for ceftazidime, 32.7% for cefotaxime, and 30.7% for both aztreonam
and ceftriaxone. ESBL producers were accounted for 48 (32%) out of the 150
tested isolates. ESBL-producers in hospitalized patients (in patient) were 38/60 (63.3%) and within clinical laboratories (out-patients) were 10/90 (11%). The percentages of ESBLs producer were found to be 63.6, 28, and 10% among Klebsiella spp, E. coli, and Proteus spp., respectively. Multi-drug resistant isolates accounted for 32 out of 33 ESBL producers of E. coli (approximately 97%).