الفهرس 
Chapter I : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lead is a dangerous heavy metal which is widely spread in the environment and can threat the life of living creatures in many ways. Lead content in the air, food and tap water has increased several folds during recent years due to extensive use of this metal in petrol, paints, battery and other industries. Medicinal plants and herbs are used as a protective for lead toxicity. Nigella sativa (black seed) and Allium sativa (garlic) are a potent antioxidant against the oxidative stress caused by lead.
Part I
Forty water and feed samples were collected from different poultry farms in different areas in Kalubia governorate (Benha, Tokh, Kafr-Shokr and Shebin-ElKnater) to determine the level of lead concentration.
The results obtained in this study revealed that, the level of lead in water and feed samples was exceeding the permissible limits.
Part II
The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Nigella sativa and / or garlic on toxicological effects of lead acetate on the body weight, hematological parameters, serum biochemical studies, residue of lead, sperm gram and histopathological changes.
In this study ninety adult male albino rats were divided in five groups of 18 rats of each one.
Group I: Rats served as control and received mineral water ad libitum.
Group II: Rats served as experimental received lead acetate in drinking water (1000 ppm).
Group III: Rats served as experimental received lead acetate in drinking water (1000 ppm) + Nigella sativa (black seed) 5% of the diet.
Group IV: Rats served as experimental received lead acetate in drinking water (1000 ppm) + Allium sativa (garlic) 200 gm / kg diet.
Group V: Rats served as experimental received lead acetate in drinking water (1000 ppm) + Nigella sativa (5%) + Allium sativa (200gm / kg diet).