الفهرس 
Anatomy of the eye in full-term and premature infantsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Prematurity is especially associated with eye pathology, including retinopathy of prematurity, amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors. When detected early, amblyopia and many other childhood vision abnormalities are treatable, but the potential for correction and normal visual development is related to age. Since many affected children are asymptomatic, early detection of abnormal visual function requires effective screening throughout early childhood.
Retinopathy of prematurity was first described in 1942.
The aetiology of retinopathy of prematurity is not completely understood, however, many factors are implected.
The basic changes in retinopathy of prematurity are patchy proliferation of the capillary endothelium in the nerve fiber layer of the retina followed by hemorrhages, transudate, and then inco-ordinate vascularization with the resulting uncontrolled proliferation.
The clinical classification divided the retinopathy of prematurity into 5 stages: Demarcation line, Ridge, Ridge with extraretinal proliferation, Subtotal retinal detachment, and Total retinal detachment.
A significant number of patients with active retinopathy of prematurity undergo partial regression. The residual changes have been divided in the classification into those affecting the retinal periphery and those affecting the posterior retina.
The differential diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity differs depending on the stage of the disease.
It is very important to screen infants in the neonatal intensive care unit of retinopathy of prematurity, where children at risk may be examined and subsequently treated if necessary.
Retinopathy of prematurity management involves prevention, interdiction, and correction. Prevention includes adequate prenatal care. Interdiction concentrates on ablation of the peripheral avascular retina. Finally, correction focuses on vitrectomy and retinal detachment repair.
Many factors many influence the prognosis of retinopathy of prematurity, e.g. stage of ROP, presence or absence of ROP.
Preterm infants without retinopathy of prematurity have high rates of refraction errors.
Premature infants showed that they may have characteristic lens opacities which were bilateral and symmetrical.
The incidence of strabismus is higher in premature than in full-term babies.