الفهرس 
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Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a novel secreted member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily mainly secreted by marrow stromal cells. In vitro, Osteoclast formation can be inhibited by OPG in a dose-dependent manner. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). MM may proceed through different phases: an Inactive phase in which tumor cells is non proliferating mature plasma cells, an active phase with a small percentage of proliferating plasmablastoid cells and a fulminant phase with the frequent occurrence of extramedullary proliferation and an increase in plasmablastoid cells. MM constitutes 15% among hemalogical malignancies. The median age at diagnosis is 62 year old for male and 61 year old for female. In Egypt, Relative incidence of MM is 0.2%. Increased incidence of MM has been associated with radiation, chemicals, genetic factors and viral infections. Bone destruction is a complication of the disease and is usually associated with severe morbidity. The present study aimed to examine the expression of OPG at the serum protein level as well as the messenger (m) RNA level in multiple myelomas (MM) in relation to the clinicopathological findings. Thirty five patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) and 20 healthy subjects of matched age and sex were studied. Patients were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations including protein electrophoresis to calculate monoclonal protein, Haemoglobin (Hb), Blood urea and serum level of B2- microglobulin (B2-M). OPG concentration was estimated in serum by ELISA. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to investigate the expression of OPG m RNA. OPG concentration in sera of MM cases was lower than normal controls (mean value 0.10 versus 0.15 ng/ml). This Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a novel secreted member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily mainly secreted by marrow stromal cells. In vitro, Osteoclast formation can be inhibited by OPG in a dose-dependent manner. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). MM may proceed through different phases: an Inactive phase in which tumor cells is non proliferating mature plasma cells, an active phase with a small percentage of proliferating plasmablastoid cells and a fulminant phase with the frequent occurrence of extramedullary proliferation and an increase in plasmablastoid cells. MM constitutes 15% among hemalogical malignancies. The median age at diagnosis is 62 year old for male and 61 year old for female. In Egypt, Relative incidence of MM is 0.2%. Increased incidence of MM has been associated with radiation, chemicals, genetic factors and viral infections. Bone destruction is a complication of the disease and is usually associated with severe morbidity. The present study aimed to examine the expression of OPG at the serum protein level as well as the messenger (m) RNA level in multiple myelomas (MM) in relation to the clinicopathological findings. Thirty five patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) and 20 healthy subjects of matched age and sex were studied. Patients were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations including protein electrophoresis to calculate monoclonal protein, Haemoglobin (Hb), Blood urea and serum level of B2- microglobulin (B2-M). OPG concentration was estimated in serum by ELISA. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to investigate the expression of OPG m RNA. OPG concentration in sera of MM cases was lower than normal controls (mean value 0.10 versus 0.15 ng/ml).