الفهرس 
STEM CELLSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Stem cells have two characteristics: a capability for self-renewal and a capability to develop into specialized cells. Based on these criteria stem cells can be used for treating numerous disorders such as hematopoietic and immune system disorders, heart failure, chronic liver injuries, diabetes, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, arthritis, and muscular, skin, lung, eye, and digestive disorders.
Hematopoietic stem cells have the capacity for self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into all types of hematopoietic and immune system cells. These features have been successfully used to treat a multiple hematological malignancies and non malignant diseases such as aplastic anemia. The application of HSCT has been expanded over the past decade to include immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis, treatment-refractory rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis and refractory autoimmune cytopenias. Transplantation of HSCs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases aims to correct the dysregulated immune system, which could result in sustained clinical remission or potential cure.
HSC transplantation is associated with morbidity and mortality, both treatment-related and disease-related, and selecting the correct group of patients with the best risk: benefit ratio is a challenging task.
Until further improvement in gene therapy is achieved, stem-cell transplantation is still the main option for cure of patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. Performing the transplant in early infancy before severe infections and organ damage develop has the highest chance for success. Therefore early diagnosis of PID diseases, especially for patients affected with SCID, has the potential to significantly improve their outcomes.
There is a probability that allergic disease is transferable and curable with HCT. Further studies are needed to determine this likelihood .The determination of the likelihood of cure will be important for potential development of HCT as a once-in-life therapy for severe allergic disease in the future, if and when HCT-related morbidity and mortality have become