الفهرس 
Introduction and ReviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The Egyption Buthus occitanus, scorpion venom contains a strong bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) that augments bradykinin effects through enhancing its release. BPF has been shown to be cytoprotectant in a model for burn wound healing in Guinea pig, male and female germ cell proliferation and improvement of kidney functions.
Based on the protective ability” of BPF. the present work / hypothesized that it would be hepatoprotectant. and that after determining its sub-lethal dose. For that purpose, injection of carbon tetrachloride (CC14) in Guinea pigs (for liver injury) was used. This protection can be detected thought some physiological studies including hematological and biochemical studies.
It is worth to mention that, the assessment of the blood has become a routine procedure in the investigation of hematological disorders in toxicology and biosafety assessment studies. Furthermore, Oxidative stress derived from CC14 metabolism has been a major focus in the study of CC14-induced tissue injury, and that sustain the important of monitoring the oxidative biochemical parameter.
For study the ettect of BPF as a treatment, Three to four weeks-aged Guinea pigs were grouped into three major groups
as the following:
Group 1: each animal of this group were intraperitonealj injected (i.p.) with 0.9% isotonic saline solution at a dose (luOl ml/kg body weight) per 5 days along the experimental perio^j and served as normal group.
Group II: Each animal of which were injected intraperitonialra with CC14 (0.5 ml/kg b. w. for 4 days) and served as a posith™ control and left out treatment. First half of group (8 animafeB j sacrificed after 15 days and the rest of animals were sacrifice™ after 30 days, but they are starved one day before scarifying. i
Group III: This group was injected with CC14 (0.5 ml/kg b. fl
for 4 days) and then treated by BPF as the following. ^iJm animal of group was (i.p.) injected with BPF dissolved in sal. ml solution (lugm/g body weight per 5 days) i.e. it was giveJjl doses of BPF. First half of group (8 animals) sacrificed afteJ days and the rest of animals were sacrificed after 30 days (i.e.it was given 6 doses of BPF) from the beginning of treatment, but they are starved one day before scarifying.
After sacrificing, blood was collected from each animal and divided into two portions; part was taken in EDTA containing tubes for hematological studies including; blood counts (RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets), blood Hb, reduced glutathione (GSH) and Packed cell volume (PCV). The other portion of blood was collected into plain centrifuge tubes and left for 1 hr. at room temperature for clotting. Serum was separated by centrifugation for 30 minutes and analyzed for the concentration of liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total protein, albumin, globulin and nitric oxide (NO).
After collection of blood, the liver tissue was removed and was perfused with a cold BPS (Phosphate buffered saline) Hardening the dissected tissue by liquid nitrogen then crushed and homogenized in 5-10 ml cold buffer per gram tissue. The tissue is centrifuged at 4000 r.p.m. for 15 minutes and then removed supernatant for assaying MDA, CAT and SOD.
Consequently, after assaying aforementioned
physiological studies, the CCi4- injected group (i.e.group2) showed that, after 15 days from injection, the hematological parameter was decreased significantly except WBCs that was! increased. With time proceeding, (i. e. after 30 days) the hematological parameter was a highly significant decrease! while WBCs was a highly significant increase.
In addition, the concentration of liver function enzymes! in serum was increased significantly after 15 days from injection, but after 30 days the concentration of liver enzymes was a highly significant increase. Furthermore the concentration of total serum protein and serum albumin were decreased significantly after 15 days from injection. But after 30 days these concentration were a highly significant decreased and from both of them we determined the concentration of globulin from the difference from total serum protein and serum albumin.
On the other hand, the determining the oxidative stress take place by assaying the concentration of tissue MDA, CAT. SOD, blood reduced GSH and serum NO. It found that, the concentration of tissue MDA and serum NO was increased significantly after 15 days from injection, but after 30 days was a highly significant increase. In contrast, the concentration of tissue CAT, SOD and blood reduced GSH after 15 days from injection was a significantly decreased which became after 30 days a highly significant.
The same physiological studies in the third group (treated with BPF) recorded that, after 15 days from injection, the hematological parameter was increased significantly except WBCs that was decreased, and then after 30 days the hematological parameter was a highly significant increase. while WBCs was a highly significant decrease.
According to recorded results, the concentration of liver function enzymes in serum was decreased significantly after 15 days from treating with BPF, consequently, after 30 days the concentration of liver enzymes was a highly significant decrease.
Furthermore the concentration of total serum protein and serum albumin were increased significantly after 15 days from treating with BPF. And hence, after 30 days these concentration were a highly significant increased and from both of them we determined the concentration of globulin from the difference from total serum protein and serum albumin.
On the other hand, the determining the oxidative stress take place by assaying the concentration of tissue MDA, CATJ SOD, blood reduced GSH and serum NO. It found that, the concentration of tissue MDA and serum NO was decreased significantly after 15 days from injection, but after 30 days was a highly significant decrease. In contrast, the concentration of tissue CAT, SOD and blood reduced GSH after 15 days from injection was a significantly increased which became after 30 days a highly significant.
Finally, from the present study we concluded that, BPF that isolated from Buthus occitanus venom treatment I normalized the changes which happen by a harmful effect, such as exposure to CC14. Consequently, BPF treatments may have therapeutic values in preventing CCl4-induced hepatic disorders beside some blood constituents and the oxidative stress. These findings establish a therapeutic role to the venom j animals.