الفهرس 
ProtozoaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
G.lamblia is a widely distributed flagellated protozoan parasite that inhabits the small intestine. It is the most prominent human protozoal enteropathogen with a prevalence rate that varies from 2% to 5% in the industrialized world and 20% to 30% in the developing world. Giardiasis is more prevalent between infant and children.
Giardiasis is recognized as a disease of travelers worldwide, mainly in the developing world, persons at risk include close contacts of infected persons or those who have contact with infected animals. The clinical effects of G.lamblia infection range from an asymptomatic carrier state to severe prolonged diarrhea more than 10 days, loss of appetite and weight, vomiting and flatulence. The symptoms differ from patient to another according to duration of infection and host and parasite factors.
The intestinal protozoan parasite E.Histolytica is endemic in large parts of the world and is considered responsible for millions of cases of dysentery and liver abscess each year and responsible for up to 100.000 deaths per year. It is common in developing countries with poor socioeconomic conditions and malnutrition. The clinical picture varies from asymptomatic intestinal amoebiasis to fulminating cases and in between there are acute, sub acute, chronic dysentery and non dysenteric colitis. Symptomatic intestinal amoebiasis is the usual clinical picture in temperate regions.
Some studies have correlated that there is a link between the prevalence of intestinal infestation and there types of blood groups, Researchers recognized that the prevalence of diarrhea, Entameaba histolytica and Giardia lamblia in children with blood group A were less than it in children with blood group o and AB.
Hence, the aim of this study is to detect the incidence of G.lamblia and E.histolyica and its relation to blood group in children of preschool age.
This study conducted on 200 children whose attending Shebin Elkanater hospital during the period from January 2010 to January 2011, complaining of chronic diarrhea, recurrent abdominal pain, loss of appetite, loss of weight. Our cases were divided in to 2 groups, group A from (1-3y) 100 children and group B from (4-6y) 100 children. Stool analysis, complete blood count, analysis of blood group and full clinical examination is done to all cases.
The result of this study revealed that
1. Prevalence of parasitic infestation (69%). With prevalence of mixed infection (8%) and prevalence of non infected (31%).
2. Prevalence of Giardia in all study is (23%),(19%)in group A and (27%)in group B.Prevalence of E.histolytica (9%)in all study ,(12%) in group A and (6%) in group B .
3. Giardia infection was more prevalent in girls (65.2%) than boys (34%).Entameaba histolytica was also more prevalent in girls (55.5%) than boys (44.4%).
4. Social standard were shown to have a significant impact on prevalence of Giardia and Entameaba.
5.Tap water was most prevalen source of water supply, (68%) in group A, (66%) in group B, which play role in distribution of Giardia and Entameaba.
6.Recurrent abdominal pain was the most common symptoms detected in the examined children (54.5%) in infected cases followed by diarrhea (10.9%) then dysentery (8.5%) of infected cases.
7.Pallor was the most common sign (39%) then under built (17%) and abdominal tenderness (7.8%).
8. Aneamia was detected in (70%)of infected cases and in (30%) of non infected children .
9. Eosinophilia detected in (57%) of Giardia infected cases and in (39%) of Entameaba infected cases.
10. Giardia infection was mostly related to blood group A (56.5%), Entameaba was mostly related to blood group B (44.4%).
Conclusion
In view of this study, there was a high incidence of parasitic Infection especially Giardia and Entameaba.
Which may be due to:
•Impure water supply.
•Bad hygienic measures.
•Improper human and animal excreta in this rural community.
• Low socioeconomic standard.
•Big number of family.
•There is some relation between ABO blood group and Giardia also with Entameaba.