الفهرس 
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Abstract
Trace metals are required in small concentrations as essential compounds for biological systems and as a structural portion of biologically active constituents .
Number of considerations suggested that trace metals disturbances might occur in a childhood renal diseases .
This study was conducted to find out if there is any alterations in the level of some trace metals such as, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), chromium ( Cr) and cadmium (Cd) in serum and urine of children that suffer from childhood renal diseases. This study was done on 40 children, 10 children were healthy control, 10 children were suffering from nephrotic syndrome, 10 children were suffering from acute glomerulonephritis and 10 children were suffering from chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis three times a week. The atomic absorption spectroscopy technique was used to demonstrate the relationships between serum concentrations and urinary excretion of the investigated five trace metals.
There was a significant decrease in serum Zn in children suffering from nephrotic syndrome and hemodialysis with increased urinary excretion of Zn. whereas, a non significant difference was recorded in the serum and urine of children suffering from acute glomerulonephritis in comparison with that of the healthy children. Moreover Cu was significantly decreased in the serum of nephrotic patients and increased in the urine, also significant decreased in the serum Cu in acute glomerulonephritis but no significant difference was investigated in their urine. There were no significant difference in Cu concentrations in the serum and urine of the hemodialysis children .