الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF CEREBRAL VENOUSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the white matter of the central nervous system, it affects up to 250 per 100,000 worldwide 60% of whom became no longer fully ambulatory 20 years after its onset, it has a lifetime risk of one in 400 and is one of the leading causes of disability in young adults.
The development of multiple sclerosis occurs in three stages: inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage, so far, no definite etiology has been proven to cause multiple sclerosis; the immune mediated theory has been in lead for some time, falling behind was the epidemiological factors hypothesis, genetic susceptibility was proposed as well with overall familial recurrence rate of 20%.
Recently, the potential link between the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and a series of venous malformations in the extracranial cerebrospinal venous outflow routes was detected, this disease entity was named “chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency”; the affected venous channels include the internal jugular veins and azygos venous system arranged in four main patterns corresponding to the different clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis.
This proposed link calls for further study of cerebrospinal venous system and its draining channels, this system is one of the most important factors that guarantee normal brain function, it carries 70% of the cerebral blood volume and its various malformations have been linked to several neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis, hence particular emphasis is increasingly bestowed on the study of the anatomy of this complex and unique system.
In this study a brief review was made about the anatomy of the cerebrospinal venous system, the pathogenesis and the different proposed etiologies for multiple sclerosis and the role of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.