الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work deals with the discussion of the several ways for wastewater treatment for the wastes from the pulp and paper industries including recovery of some valuable components from this waste and reaching the acceptable environmental limits for treatment of wastes.
Acidification technique was used and it showed high efficiency for the removal of solids from the black liquor. It was a good success that was achieved, a proper treatment for the effluent produced from pulp and paper industry that uses rice straw as raw material.
The separation efficiency and the amount of solids removed from black liquor were studied under different conditions of the following variables:
1. Stirring time,
2. Temperature of the reaction,
3. pH of the mixture, and
4. rpm ofthe agitator.
The study revealed the following results:
3. The dose of the alum as coagulant has slightly effect on the solids separation process and it may be due to the high percentage of solids in the black liquor.
4. Hydrochloric acid can be used to control the pH of the solution then can be easily to separate most of the solids from the black liquor by decreasing pH.
5. Sodium hydroxide can be used to remove silica from the other solids by forming sodium silicate, and then by adding hydrochloric acid to separate the silica.
6. The amount of solids precipitate obtained increases by increasing time of stirring,
temperature, rpm of the agitator, and with decreasing pH.
5. IR analysis carried out on solid obtained to give an assignment of functional group.
6. Thermal analysis and EDX analysis was carried on the solids obtained.
7. A proper design of the mixer and drier used in the process is accomplished to provide high efficiency of silica removal process.