الفهرس 
Introduction
Historical development of qualityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
High quality nursing care is the right of all patients with the responsibility lying with the nurses who delivers it. If the health institutions cannot achieve quality, their ability to keep work on schedule will be of little consequence. Therefore, considerations about controlling quality are important to include all aspects of planning and controlling work. Once the quality characteristics have been defined, the next step is to determine the desired quality standards. These standards quantify the specific quality requirements for the institution output. Quality standards serve as the reference point for comparing what is ideal to what actually is.
Standards for special care units must be available to all nursing personnel to serve as guide for professional work. A standard refers to an acceptable level of achievement based on realistic availability of resources and the practice environment.
This study aims at developing and validating nursing care standards for patients with cancer at South Egypt Cancer Institute through determining the nurses’ performance in South Egypt cancer institute, developing standards based on the nurses’ performance, and validating the developed standards based on the jury opinions.
The study was conducted at South Egypt Cancer Institute in male, female and private oncology units. The study subjects included in the study were two groups, namely experts and nurses. The first group included experts who served as a jury to assess the content and face validity of developed standards; experts were three categories, eight from faculty of nursing representing (four professors, two assistant professors and two lecturers) in the field of education at Assiut and Ain Shams universities. Medical faculty representing physicians (three professors, one assistant professor) working at the oncology department in Assiut University Hospital and (four lecturers) working at South Egypt Cancer Institute. Thirteen head nurses representing nursing administrators in the field of services at South Egypt Cancer Institute and in different private and general units rendering nursing care for patients with cancer. The second group of subjects consists of total coverage of responded nurses in the above mentioned settings; their total number was sixty five. They comprised twenty six nurses from the male oncology unit, twenty three nurses from female oncology unit and sixteen nurses from the private oncology unit.
Two different tools were used for data collection: the first was an observation checklist to assess nurses’ performance regarding nursing care for patients with cancer. The second tool was opionnaire sheet aiming at testing the face and content validity of the developed standards.
Testing reliability of the observation checklist to determine consistency of its items (nurses’ performance) was carried out through intra rater test (test retest).
Tools development involved review of pertinent literatures and construction of initial list of performance, data collected and analyzed by using suitable tests and comparison was used to determine the reliability of developed tool entailing nursing care for patients with cancer
The main findings of the study revealed the following:
- The results showed the reliability of the developed tools of a series of measurements of nurses’ performance except for few items that showed statistical significant differences in reliability testing. However, most of them are involved in the proposed nursing care standard for patients with cancer for their importance in cancer patient.
- It was found that nursing care provided for patients with cancer was inadequate; especially care related to pre and postoperative nursing care, also the arrangement of drugs was inadequate.
-Moreover, there was a lack of nursing care provided for patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. The patient education was inadequate in relation to side effects of chemotherapy such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomatitis, skin change, and patients’ nutrition, when extravasation occur, psychological support and discharge instructions are needed.
- All the items of initial checklist of nursing care for patients with cancer were involved in the development of nursing care standards.
- Experts validated the developed standards (nursing care for patients with cancer) through full acceptance.
It is recommended that the developed nursing care standards for patients with cancer must be applied in oncology units in assigned settings. Job orientation should be carried for oncology nurses before assuming independent responsibilities for oncology nursing care. Moreover, quality assurance committee must ensure that nursing care standards are implemented in oncology units through using the developed standards in the quality measurement.
High quality nursing care is the right of all patients with the responsibility lying with the nurses who delivers it. If the health institutions cannot achieve quality, their ability to keep work on schedule will be of little consequence. Therefore, considerations about controlling quality are important to include all aspects of planning and controlling work. Once the quality characteristics have been defined, the next step is to determine the desired quality standards. These standards quantify the specific quality requirements for the institution output. Quality standards serve as the reference point for comparing what is ideal to what actually is.
Standards for special care units must be available to all nursing personnel to serve as guide for professional work. A standard refers to an acceptable level of achievement based on realistic availability of resources and the practice environment.
This study aims at developing and validating nursing care standards for patients with cancer at South Egypt Cancer Institute through determining the nurses’ performance in South Egypt cancer institute, developing standards based on the nurses’ performance, and validating the developed standards based on the jury opinions.
The study was conducted at South Egypt Cancer Institute in male, female and private oncology units. The study subjects included in the study were two groups, namely experts and nurses. The first group included experts who served as a jury to assess the content and face validity of developed standards; experts were three categories, eight from faculty of nursing representing (four professors, two assistant professors and two lecturers) in the field of education at Assiut and Ain Shams universities. Medical faculty representing physicians (three professors, one assistant professor) working at the oncology department in Assiut University Hospital and (four lecturers) working at South Egypt Cancer Institute. Thirteen head nurses representing nursing administrators in the field of services at South Egypt Cancer Institute and in different private and general units rendering nursing care for patients with cancer. The second group of subjects consists of total coverage of responded nurses in the above mentioned settings; their total number was sixty five. They comprised twenty six nurses from the male oncology unit, twenty three nurses from female oncology unit and sixteen nurses from the private oncology unit.
Two different tools were used for data collection: the first was an observation checklist to assess nurses’ performance regarding nursing care for patients with cancer. The second tool was opionnaire sheet aiming at testing the face and content validity of the developed standards.
Testing reliability of the observation checklist to determine consistency of its items (nurses’ performance) was carried out through intra rater test (test retest).
Tools development involved review of pertinent literatures and construction of initial list of performance, data collected and analyzed by using suitable tests and comparison was used to determine the reliability of developed tool entailing nursing care for patients with cancer
The main findings of the study revealed the following:
- The results showed the reliability of the developed tools of a series of measurements of nurses’ performance except for few items that showed statistical significant differences in reliability testing. However, most of them are involved in the proposed nursing care standard for patients with cancer for their importance in cancer patient.
- It was found that nursing care provided for patients with cancer was inadequate; especially care related to pre and postoperative nursing care, also the arrangement of drugs was inadequate.
-Moreover, there was a lack of nursing care provided for patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. The patient education was inadequate in relation to side effects of chemotherapy such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomatitis, skin change, and patients’ nutrition, when extravasation occur, psychological support and discharge instructions are needed.
- All the items of initial checklist of nursing care for patients with cancer were involved in the development of nursing care standards.
- Experts validated the developed standards (nursing care for patients with cancer) through full acceptance.
It is recommended that the developed nursing care standards for patients with cancer must be applied in oncology units in assigned settings. Job orientation should be carried for oncology nurses before assuming independent responsibilities for oncology nursing care. Moreover, quality assurance committee must ensure that nursing care standards are implemented in oncology units through using the developed standards in the quality measurement.