الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis presents two routing algorithms in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) inspired by the ant colony optimization routing algorithms. The first algorithm is a Hybrid Multi-Ant (HMAnt) routing algorithm. It is a hybrid since it combines reactive path establishment with proactive path maintenance. It supports multi-path while maintaining an acceptable level of routing control overhead. The second algorithm is a HMAnt with QoS provision (HMAnt-QoS), which satisfies QoS requirements of the incoming traffic.