الفهرس 
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Abstract
Consciousness is the highest integrative function of the brain, it ranges from alert walkfulness to coma , the former is characterized by full and accurate responses to both internal and external stimuli, and the latter by complete unresponsiveness to even the most compelling stimuli.the maintenance of consciousness depends upon the central reticular formation , which occupies a central position in the prain stem. Physiologyically coma means failure either of the cerebral cortex of both cerebral hemisphere, or the ascending reticular formation of the brain stem.