الفهرس 
Assessment of raw materialsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 158 |  |  |
| | | from | 158 | | |
Abstract
Marwa Mohammad Reda Mahmoud Afifi: Assessment of Dairy Processing For Clean Environment. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 2009.
The dairy sector is a major enterprise in Egypt, occupying a significant place in food supply. Meantime, it has been identified as an important contributor to the pollution of the environment, especially, the waterways.
The aim of this study was to assess the dairy processing in the small dairy sector for the potential hazards on health and environment.
To achieve this aim, six small dairy plants in Damietta and Dakahlyea, (Egypt) were surveyed in the production seasons of Domiati and Ras cheese during 2005 – 2006. The cheese making processes, inputs (raw milk, salt and rennet), outputs (cheese, whey cream and whey protein) and liquid wastes (whey and wastewater) were assessed for the health and environmental limits required by the standards and regulations.
The results indicated that microbial load including fecal and total coliforms exceeded the regulatory limits in raw milk, cheese, whey cream and discharged whey and wastewater. Some heavy metals (mg/l) exceeded the regulatory limits including Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in raw milk; Cd, Cu, and Pb in salt; Pb in Domiati and Ras cheeses; Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn in whey cream; Cu, Fe and Zn in whey protein; and Fe and Zn in whey. The physiochemical parameters (pH, EC ms/cm, TDS mg/l, TSS mg/l, and P mg/l), major anions (Cl, So4, Po4 and TA mg/l), organic load (BOD5, COD and DO mg/l), exceeded the regulatory limits in whey and wastewater discharged from both Domiati and Ras cheese processing.
These results recommended the necessity to improve hygienic practices through the small scale dairy chain as a tool for controlling health hazards, pollution prevention at source and to minimize the microbial, organic and mineral loads discharged to the environment with whey and wastewater generated from cheese processing.
Key Words: Ras, Domiati, cheese, whey, wastewater, anions, cations, heavy metals, BOD, COD, Coliform