الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hospitalization, whether elective, planned, or a result of emergency or trauma, is fearful for children of all ages and for their families. Children are in an unfamiliar environment, surrounded by strange people and equipments. Children are also subjected to various routine and invasive procedures, possibly even surgery. Hospitalization and surgery have many psychological effects on school age children that can be prevented or minimized by psychological preoperative intervention procedures. Depending upon their particular needs, children may receive preparation either in a group or in an individual setting. School-age children utilize a variety of coping strategies when involved in a stressful situation to reduce their fears. Nurses can provide age-appropriate interventions and psychological preoperative preparation for hospitalization and surgery to assist the children to identify their fears and cope with them effectively.