الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
EUS is the convergence of ultrasound and endoscopy by incorporating an ultrasound transducer in the tip of endoscope allowing imaging of different layers of the bowel wall corresponding to the histology and adjacent structures.
There are two forms of EUS: radial and linear depending on the orientation of the ultrasound transducer. Radial endoscopes produce 360 degree view in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the endoscope insertion tube, whereas a linear array endoscope produce sector-shaped images parallel to the longitudinal axis of the insertion tube.
EUS and EUS-FNA have become important tools for diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal tumors including: esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, biliary and colorectal tumors.
EUS can also provide diagnosis for other lesions as: bile duct stones, submucosal lesions, pancreatitis, abscesses, rectal fistulas and anal sphincter defects.
EUS allow mapping of the vascular structure in the wall & surrounding the GIT & pancreas through doppler available in EUS which allow EUS guided vascular access.
EUS has developed into an important therapeutic tool for endoscopy. A therapeutic EUS intervention may comprise EUS-guided injection for therapeutic purposes, EUS-guided drainage procedures, EUS-guided resection or EUS-guided antitumor therapy.
It is possible to advance therapeutic accessories such as radiofrequency probes, microwave probes, and laser or cryotherapy probes for the treatment of advanced malignancy.
The future of EUS is bright. There are exciting new echoendoscopes and accessories that will hopefully be available soon. These will lead to further innovations in therapeutic EUS procedures.
New training methods will allow us to quickly learn these techniques in a safe and efficient manner. The creative interventional endoscopists who have embraced EUS will continue to push us into new frontiers. Research is ongoing and needs to continue to explore other potential uses, both diagnostic and therapeutic, for this procedure.