الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION TO ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS APPLIED TO UNDER WATER WELDINGOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The root cause analysis as applied to underwater pipelines welding problems show the best solution that deemed offering technical, simple and practical solutions towards minimisation of defect appearance as well as control of downtime and clearly will economize both engineering and socio plans of growth within an industrial community. In doing so, the following is a summary for the handled topics and chapters.
Welding is the most efficient and reliable method for subsea pipeline construction, accelerating the development of offshore construction. Underwater welding came into being in 1917 in subsea structure repair field, and it has been fUl1her developed until today.
MAIN RESEARCH PLAN:
Chapter one provides an introduction to root cause analysis applied to under water welding and the objectives analysis of root cause analysis.
Chapter two answers the question why its necessary to carry out underwater welding of marine pipelines? by classification of the underwater welding as wet welding and dry welding also it discuss risks and precautions associated with underwater welding, the char’acteristics of conducting a good underwater welding and applications of underwater welding.
Chapter three has a brief description of the different commercial Conventional underwater techniques has been made as shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding (GMA W), flux cored arc welding ,tungsten inert gas welding. The problems in underwater welding have also been discussed in context to the existing welding techniques. Detailed description of a few advanced welding techniques as friction welding (FRW), laser welding and explosion welding (EXW) have also been made.
Chapter four presents a brief description of underwater welding specifications and explain the metallurgical features of underwater welding processes, general principles of electrode material development, codes, standards and qualifications based on root cause analysis, Classification of wet welds and finaly underwater welding inspection.
Chapter five deals with the dim’ent developments as pipeline repair system (PRS) hyperbaric tig welding technology, performance, development and qualification of welding procedures based on root cause and root cause analysis of hyperbaric welding at deeper waters without diver assistance. Chapter six shows a detailed discription of root cause analysis (RCA) and explain the methodology in RCA, fault tree analysis (FTA) and finally provide a Case Study of Oil Pipeline Failure Due to External Corrosion and explain root causes, Conclusions and Follow Up.
Chapter seven gives a case study of underwater welding in marine pipeline in South Africa and explain the diffrent damages and selected methods to repair damages in pipeline.
Chapter eight is the conclusions and proposed future work.