الفهرس 
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Abstract
The discipline of liver transplantation has been developed over the past decades, and it is now considered the gold standard for the treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease. Increasing success rates has led to broader indications and increased number of potential recipients.
The patient selected for transplant should suffer from irreversible, progressive disease for which there is no acceptable, alternative therapy. Recipients are broadly defined as having an intolerable quality of life because of liver disease or having an anticipated length of life of less than 1 year because of liver failure. Recipients are priority ranked by application of the Model of End- Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scoring system. This system ranks patients by expected mortality based on the severity of their liver disease.
Candidates for liver transplantation are subjected to thorough evaluation and assessment of all body systems to figure out all possible complications of end stage liver disease as hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy. Liver function is also assessed through all available laboratory and radiological methods. Finally they are subjected to routine preanesthetic evaluation.
Liver transplantation operation is conveniently divided into three phases: preanhepatic, anhepatic, and neohepatic phases. During the preanhepatic phase, a complete hepatectomy is performed and is characterized by blood loss and hemodynamic instability. During the anhepatic phase, vascular anastomoses between the donor liver and the recipient’s vessels are constructed with consequent disturbance of the patient’s acid-base balance. During the neohepatic phase, reperfusion of the new liver occurs and is associated with transient acute hemodynamic instability then the hepatic arterial and biliary anastomoses are constructed, and the wound is closed.
The quality of life after liver transplantation is improved in high proportion of liver transplantation survivors with 5 year survival rate ranging from 60% to 65%.