الفهرس 
Vegetative growth and yield characters…………..Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The field work was carried out at the Experimental Farm ”Demo farm” in Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The present study aimed to study the effect of sowing dates (15 Sep., 7th Oct. and 1st Nov.) , sow spacing (25 cm, 35 cm and 50 cm between hills with two plants in a hill) and bio-fertilization (spraying the plants with active dry yeast at 0, 2 and 5 gm/L thrice per season) on the growth, fruit yield, oil production and the main components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) plants to reveal the suitable treatments for the highest production of fennel fruits containing more volatile oil with the best quality. The results showed that sowing fennel plants in 7 Oct. at 50 cm and spraying them with 5 gm /L of yeast gave the highest vegetative growth attributes fresh and dry weight /plant and fruit yield /plant. The highest fruit yield /feddan, oil yield /plant and per feddan, total carbohydrates percentage and obtained from planting on (7 Oct.) at (35 cm) and with active dry yeast at (5 gm /L). The highest contents of carotenoids and the greatest branches’ number were obtained from sowing on 15th Sept. at 50 cm with yeast at 5 gm /L. As well as when using the same treatment and culture, but at a distance of 25 cm has resulted in the highest values in terms of plant height, number of umbels/ plant and essential oil percentage /plant. The highest content of chlorophyll of the plant (a), (b) has been obtained from the interaction between sowing on 1st November, with a distance of 25 cm of culture and sprinkled with yeast plants at 5 gm /L. The lowest percentage of Estragole (48.96%) which is undesirable component, was resulted from (7th Oct. + 35 cm +2 gm /L) while the highest one (87.98%) was obtained as a result of (1st Nov. + 35 cm + 2 gm /L). On the other hand, treatment (15th Sept. + 25 cm + 5 gm /L) gave the maximum percentage of Limonene (23.99%). The third main component which is anethole reached to its maximum percentage (15.75%) as a result of (7th Oct. + 35 cm +2 gm /L). Hence, it can be recommended that for obtaining higher fruit yield/feddan and oil yield/plant and per feddan, Fennel plants should be sown in the first week of Oct. at a distance of 35 cm between plants and spraying them with 5 gm/L of active dry yeast.
Key words: sowing date, sow spacing, biofertlizer, active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisia), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare).
2012
EFFECT OF SOWING DATES, SOW SPACING AND BIO-FERTILIZER ON FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) PLANT
BY
ALAA IDRIS BADAWY ABOU-SREEA
B. Sc. (Horticulture Dept.), Fac. Agric., Fayoum
Cairo University, 2003.
M. Sc. (Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)
Fac. Agric., Fayoum Univ., Egypt, 2008.)
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
Of
The Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
In
Agricultural Sciences
(Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)
Department of Horticulture
Faculty of Agriculture,
FAYOUM UNIVERSITY
(2012)
EFFECT OF SOWING DATES, SOW SPACING AND BIO-FERTILIZER ON FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill.) PLANT
BY
ALAA IDRIS BADAWY ABOU-SREEA
B. Sc. (Horticulture Dept.), Fac. Agric., Fayoum
Cairo University, 2003.
M. Sc. (Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)
Fac. Agric., Fayoum Univ., Egypt, 2008.)
Supervision committee:
Prof. Dr. Shoukry M. Selim
Professor of Floriculture, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Fac. Agric., Fayoum University, Egypt.
Signature:……………………………………………
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Hussein Tawfik
Research Prof. Emeritus of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants- Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Research Dept., National Research Centre.
Signature:……………………………………………
Dr. Ebtsam M. M. Abdella
Associate Prof. of Floriculture, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Fac. Agric., Fayoum University, Egypt.
Signature:……………………………………………
Approval Sheet
EFFECT OF SOWING DATES, SOW SPACING AND BIO-FERTILIZER ON FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill.) PLANT
BY
ALAA IDRIS BADAWY ABOU-SREEA
B. Sc. (Horticulture Dept.), Fac. Agric., Fayoum
Cairo University, 2003.
M. Sc. (Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)
Fac. Agric., Fayoum Univ., Egypt, 2008.)
This thesis has been approved by:
Prof. Dr. Abd El-Ghafour A. El-Sayed
Professor of Ornamental Horticulture, Fac. Agric.,
Cairo University.
Signature:………………………………………
Prof. Dr. Mahassen M.A.Sidky
Professor of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, and Deputy Director for production Affairs, Hort. Res. Inst., ARC.
Signature:………………………………………
Prof. Dr. Shoukry M. Selim
Professor of Floriculture, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants,
Fac. Agric., Fayoum University.
Signature:…………………………………………
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my sincere gratefulness to ALLAH, to whom I am greatly indebted and obliged.
Great acknowledgements and cordial thanks are due to Prof. Dr. Shoukry M. Selim Professor of Floriculture, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Fac. Agric., Fayoum Univ. for his continuous encouragement, valuable scientific advices, constructive criticism and great support during all steps of this investigation.
My deep gratefulness to Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salah Tawfik, Prof. of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, pharmaceutical sciences Dept. National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt for presenting a lot of his valuable time, profitable efforts and experience throughout the period of my research work.
Special thanks are due to Dr. Ebtsam M. M. Abdella, Associate Prof. of Floriculture, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Fac. Agric., Fayoum University for her supervision and sincere advices.
Thanks are also due to all staff members of Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Fayoum University.
Sincere thanks are due to my mother, father, brothers, sisters and friends for their patience and encouragement. Finally, the love and support of my wife has been always indispensable.
ABSTRACT
The field work was carried out at the Experimental Farm ”Demo farm” in Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The present study aimed to study the effect of sowing dates (15 Sep., 7th Oct. and 1st Nov.) , sow spacing (25 cm, 35 cm and 50 cm between hills with two plants in a hill) and bio-fertilization (spraying the plants with active dry yeast at 0, 2 and 5 gm/L thrice per season) on the growth, fruit yield, oil production and the main components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) plants to reveal the suitable treatments for the highest production of fennel fruits containing more volatile oil with the best quality. The results showed that sowing fennel plants in 7 Oct. at 50 cm and spraying them with 5 gm /L of yeast gave the highest vegetative growth attributes fresh and dry weight /plant and fruit yield /plant. The highest fruit yield /feddan, oil yield /plant and per feddan, total carbohydrates percentage and obtained from planting on (7 Oct.) at (35 cm) and with active dry yeast at (5 gm /L). The highest contents of carotenoids and the greatest branches’ number were obtained from sowing on 15th Sept. at 50 cm with yeast at 5 gm /L. As well as when using the same treatment and culture, but at a distance of 25 cm has resulted in the highest values in terms of plant height, number of umbels/ plant and essential oil percentage /plant. The highest content of chlorophyll of the plant (a), (b) has been obtained from the interaction between sowing on 1st November, with a distance of 25 cm of culture and sprinkled with yeast plants at 5 gm /L. The lowest percentage of Estragole (48.96%) which is undesirable component, was resulted from (7th Oct. + 35 cm +2 gm /L) while the highest one (87.98%) was obtained as a result of (1st Nov. + 35 cm + 2 gm /L). On the other hand, treatment (15th Sept. + 25 cm + 5 gm /L) gave the maximum percentage of Limonene (23.99%). The third main component which is anethole reached to its maximum percentage (15.75%) as a result of (7th Oct. + 35 cm +2 gm /L). Hence, it can be recommended that for obtaining higher fruit yield/feddan and oil yield/plant and per feddan, Fennel plants should be sown in the first week of Oct. at a distance of 35 cm between plants and spraying them with 5 gm/L of active dry yeast.
Key words: sowing date, sow spacing, biofertlizer, active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisia), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare).