الفهرس 
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Abstract
The effortless reterograde flow of gastric contents into the esophagus, i.e gartroesophageal reflux (GER), Commonly occurs in infants, The common nature of GER in infants place them at risk for esophageal and exxtraesophageal complications.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR); GER reaching to the laryngopharynx thru the upper esophageal sphincter, is considered to be of clinical importance in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of otolaryngologic disorders.
LPR is recoginized as a clinical entity distinct from that of GER, LPR pattern is mainly upright, daytime reflux with limited periods of acid exposure, with upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction and normal esophageal symptoms which doesn’t correlate with PH- metry results, while GER is mainly in supine position, night time reflux with prolonged periods of acid exposure, with lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction and esophageal dysmotility, and manifested mainly by gastrointestinal symptoms which correlate with PH- metry results.
Regurgitation, vomiting, dysphagia, anorexia, growth failure, irritability or torticollis, apnea, recurrent croup, laryngomalacia, subglottic stenosis are manifestations of LPR in infants, while in children it can manifest with chronic cough, dyspnea, dysphonia, persistant sorethroat, globus sensation, referred otalgia, dental erosion, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhera, headache and chronic respiratory disease.