الفهرس 
Hemostasis During PregnancyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Embolic events during pregnancy are the leading cause of maternal death after life birth, occurring in 2 out of 100000 live births.
The majority of the emboli during pregnancy originate from venous thrombosis, amniotic fluid embolism or venous air embolism.These three types of emboli have been reported at any time of pregnancy especially during labor.
Pulmonary thromboembolism is an important cause of mortality and morbidity during pregnancy and most often secondary to deep venous thrombosis. So it is very important to treat deep venous thrombosis by anticoagulant therapy in pregnant women to avoid the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism
Amniotic fluid embolism should be considered if pregnant women, during labor suffering from sudden dyspnea, cyanosis which may lead rapidly to cardiovascular collapse and usually complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Amniotic fluid embolism is often unpredictable, unpreventable, and untreatable.
Venous air embolism occurs in some patients during cesarean section and has been also reported during instrumental vaginal delivery using forceps, vacuum and also during manual removal of retained placenta.
Fat embolism is occlusion of small blood vessels by fat DROPlets. It usually does not cause damage to the involved organs, unless when it is massive. Fat embolism syndrome affects most often the lungs and brain.
During anesthesia diagnosis of embolic disease needs high index of suspicion, for example, in pulmonary thromboembolism, sudden unexplained tachycardia, hypoxemia, hypotension, bronchospam and ECG changes are signs suggesting pulmonary thromboembolism.
Amniotic fluid embolism is a disease may be diagnosed by exclusion; as any condition that present with cardiopulmonary collapse or massive hemorrhage in the peri-partum period must be evaluated.
In venous air embolism a sudden DROP in the end tidal carbon dioxide tension with capnograph may be the initial sign.
The management of embolic disease in pregnant women during anesthesia directs towards providing adequate oxygenation for mother and fetus, support circulation, treatment of hemodynamic instability and correction of coagulopathy.