الفهرس 
IntrodutionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The concentration of salts in crude petroleum exceeds a certain level, the salty crude will cause severe problems during the refining processes and hence refineries without desalting systems will not accept such crude.Certain salts such calcium and magnesium chloride are destructive to refinery equipment by producing corrosive. Compound under the high temperatures of the refining process also, any mineral residue in the crude tend to deposit somewhere in the refinery equipments. Such deposits initiate or aggravate effects and form flinty coke that is difficult to remove by usual clean-out processes. The amount of salt that refineries will tolerate in crude will vary, but in general some sort of desalting treatment is indicated if the salt content of the crude is greater than 15to25 pounds per 1000 barrels of crude. The most efficient places to remove salt from the crude oil usually are at the refinery. but in instances where the removal of salt in the field in mandatory to meet marketing or pipeline requirements, solution of the problem falls on the producer. The principle involved are the same whether salt removal is to be accomplished at the refinery. The operation of the crude desalter can directly and quickly affect the economies of processing heavy oil in the fcc .this would also be the case where the refiner is operation a residue hydrodesulphurization unit. Crude and residual fuel desalting is a cleaning process which can be used to remove water soluble contaminates (salts, acids and bases), water insoluble contaminates (basic sediment and filterable solids) and brine water from the crude oil.
The desalting process consists of
1- Adding water with a low salt content (preferably fresh) to the crude to be desalted.
2- Adequately mixing this water with the crude, this already contains some quantities of saline water, sediment and/or crystalline salt. These impurities are associated with the oil as produced and or acquired during transport, e.g. tankers or sea water ballast.