الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes cause an estimated 14 % loss in economically important vegetable and fruit crops each year. However root knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne cause a striking 5% loss on their own. Root-knot nematodes cause extensive damage to a wide variety of economically important crops This lead us to use the biofumigation by natural products which has a similar efficacy as methyl bromide in plant -parasitic nematode control and introducing safe and eco-friendly alternatives in agricultural pests managements Therefore, this study has addressed the following points: 1- Isolation of nematodes from soil and infected vegetable plants, cultivation and the preservation of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp). 2- In Vitro Screening of the new alternatives (biofumigant) to control of the Meloidogyne spp. Through using certain medicinal biofumigant plants, which are belong to the family of brassicaceae (mustard and garden grass and khella). 3- Chemical analysis of tested plant seeds extract by Gas chromatography Mass Spectrum (GC.MS) to analyze its natural products active ingredients and to know their chemical composition and molecular weight and concentration were carried out. 4- Under laboratory conditions, the influence of tested medicinal plants seeds extract(Lepidium sativum, Ammi visnaga and Sinapis alba) for its bio-control effects against the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp ) with the following concentrations Sinapis alba (1040 Mg/L, 780 Mg/L, 624 Mg/L and 520Mg/L), Ammi visnaga (1980 Mg/L, 1485Mg/L , 1188 Mg/L and 990 Mg/L) and Lepidium sativum (1200 Mg/L, 900 Mg/L, 720 Mg/L ,and 600Mg/L ), respectively. Summary 63 - The results revealed that there is an increase in the ratio of mortality of the J2 larval stage (infective stage) and a decrease in the rate of hatching eggs. gradual concentrations of plant seeds extracts, the highest rate of mortality and the proportion of hatching eggs to extract Lepidium sativum was after 72 hours (94.6%, 5.3%) and at 144 hours (98.5 %, 1.4%), respectively. In Sinapis alba and Ammi visnaga at 72 and 144 hours was (63.5%, 51.4%), (39.3%, 29.9%) and (36.4%, 48.5%), and (60.7%, 69.9%), respectively. –The effect of mixing plant seeds extracts of tested plants (Sinapis alba+ Ammi visnaga, Sinapis alba+ Lepidium sativum, Ammi visnaga+ Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba+ Lepidium sativum+ Ammi visnaga were studied concentrations of Sinapis alba+ Ammi visnaga 1030Mg/L , Sinapis alba+ Lepidium sativum 995Mg/L, Ammi visnaga+ Lepidium sativum 55 Mg/L and Sinapis alba+ Lepidium sativum+ Ammi visnaga 1040Mg/L, respectively. After one day Percentages of mobility were 34.8 %, 69.6 %, 56.5 % and 78.3 %, respectively were tested . After seven days, the average death rate was 100%. In water control after 1 and 7 days was 13% and 21.7 %, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions The effect of these selected biofumigant and medicinal plants (Sinapis alba, Ammi visnaga, and Lepidium sativum) on Meloidogyne incognita infection and development on tomato plants were studied by two application ways: 1- Use of plant seeds extracts against Meloidogyne incognita infected tomato plant with these concentrations, 120ml/ 1080 H2O, 35ml/ 1165 H2O and 200ml/ 1000 H2O of Sinapis alba , Lepidium sativum and Ammi visnaga, respectively. The impact of these concentrations on the mortality of the developmental stages of Meloidogyne incognita. Summary 64 2- Effect of incorporation of medicinal plants seeds (Isothiocyanates content) by biofumigation on RKN was studied. The concentrations of seeds are: 2g, 4g, 6g and 8g of each Sinapis alba, Ammi visnaga and Lepidium sativum. The effect of Isothiocyanates in the soil on different developmental stages of Meloidogyne incognita were studied In general there is an increase in the tomato plant growth. Isolation of DNA from females and larvae and eggs of the root-knot nematodes from plant hosts; eggplant, cabbage, tomatoes and nightshade was carried out, to identify the type of nematodes parasitic these plants by the RAPD - PCR technique. The primers A and B yielded the following results: The primers A gave results with the nematode Meloidogyne species DNA collected from Eggplant and Nightshade plants only. While primer B made bands with Meloidogyne species DNA collected fro Eggplant and Nightshade plants and Cabbage. The presence of nematodes in these hosts by using the Specific primer - PCR technique using Mi gen primer, the results indicated the presence of (Meloidogyne incognita) in all hosts except in nightshade host.