الفهرس 
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Abstract
. coli is a Gram-negative facultative bacterial pathogen primarily infecting individuals who are hospitalized and suffer from sever underlying diseases. E. coli can cause a range of infections such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, septicema , and neonatal meningitis.
This study aimed evaluate the virulence factors for identification of E. coli isolates and to differentiation between E. coli isolates according to localization of virulence genes on the plasmid or on the chromosome.
Clinical samples were collected, regardless to the type of infection. This study was carried out over a period of 12 months. Forty samples were collected from different patients in (MUHs). from 40 samples, 20 yielded positive culture results for E. coli.
Phenotypic characterization was performed using cultural characteristics, morphological appearance with Gram staining and manual biochemical reactions. Polyvalent 2 E. coli was used for serological identification to confirm isolation of E. coli.
SDS-PAGE analyses was used for identification and differentiation E. coli isolates from different infections. In this study, E. coli isolates can be divided into two different groups according to their protein patterns. PCR for detecting the presence of the genes (fimH, iha, kpsMTII, papA/H) in the five selected E. coli isolates was performed. The four genes were detected (100%, 20%, 100%, 20%), respectively.Heat curing experiments used to detect the localization of these genes on the chromosome or on the plasmid of the bacteria. The fimH and kpsTMII genes were present in all five tested isolates from urine, stool, wound and pus samples. While iha and papA/H genes were detected only in a single isolate (no.11) from urine. Moreover, the results confirmed the presence of the kpsMTII gene on the chromosome of all isolates, and the fimH gene was found on the chromosome of the isolates 6 and 13 only and on plasmid in the other isolates. The two genes iha and papA/H which were detected in isolate 11 only do not exist on the same genetic element; the papA/H was located on a plasmid while iha gene was chromosomally located.