الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1: General Introduction and literature ReviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Photovoltaic is a rapidly growing renewable energy technology today. The market growth has been between 15% and 20% in the last decade and the production of PV panels has exceeded 280 MW per year. Despite the development of materials and manufacturing methods over decades strongly assisted by the growth of the semiconductor industry, the cost of the solar cells has remained high. Recently, hybrid solar cells (HSCs), which are composed of organic dyes and inorganic nanoparticles have attracted great interest due to their potential application in developing low-cost, large-area, mechanically flexible photovoltaic devices.
Before 1990s, the PV field was dominated by inorganic solid-state junction solar cells. Now it is being challenged by the emergence of a new class of low cost hybrid solar cells - dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) which are photo electrochemical cells that use photo-sensitization of wide band gap mesoporous oxide semiconductors. The major difference between DSSCs and the conventional inorganic solid-state solar cells is the functional components. For DSSCs, the photoelectrons are provided by the dye molecules, which are separated from the charge carriers; the semiconductor films. Therefore, the mechanism of DSSCs emphasizes the interfacial processes rather than then bulk processes as conventional solar cells.
Nanostructure semiconductor inorganic nanomaterials are considered to be more attractive in photovoltaic applications due to their large surface-to-bulk ratio, giving an extension of interfacial area for electron transfer, and higher stability. The environmentally friendly and low-cost TiO2 nanocrystal is the most promising material in DSSCs applications.
Our approach in this thesis is to improve the efficiency of the DSSCs that based on thin films of TiO2 nanparticles. This will be done by simple doping of the TiO2 nanparticles that allowing a new design of photovoltaic cells to match particular light sources. Doping of titania electrodes with various metal compounds is proposed to be a promising method to improve the efficiency of the solar cell.
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The experimental procedures and instrumentation as well as the methods of analysis used in this study are presented. We have used the following experimental techniques:
- Photovoltaic Device Characterization tools
- Atomic force microscope
- UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
- Diffuse reflectance Spectrophotometer
- Spectroflourimeter
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis.
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis.
- X Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis.
- Micro analytical tools such as: Electrical conductivity EC, pH meter, ….etc.
Moreover, Methods used for data treatments and handling are described
This thesis is organized in three chapters:
CHAPTER 1
General introduction about dye sensitized solar cell and the literature review concerning these topics is also given in this chapter
CHAPTER 2
Includes the materials and the instruments used in the recent research and the methods of preparation of dye sensitized solar cell and method of measuring the efficiency of the cell.
CHAPTER 3
Presented and discussed the results that obtained as well as optimization of the operating parameters of DSSCs such as the Influence of film thickness of the TiO2
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film, incident light intensity, the TiO2 electrode geometry and the TiCl3 treatment.