الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was planned to evaluate the effect of certain plant species and propolis on the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae to albino mice. As well, their effect in addition to oils of 4 plant species as antischistosomal drugs in infected mice. Deterioration in some serum biochemical parameters and the diameter of liver granuloma in infected mice were determined.
The results revealed that exposure of S. mansoni cercariae for 30 minutes to most of the tested plant’s methanol extract and propolis before mice infection has a more suppressive effect on their infectivity to albino mice in comparison with cercarial exposure to these agents during mice infection. The number of worms recovered per infected mouse or the number of ova/g tissue from liver and intestine of mice groups infected with cercariae previously exposed to the tested plants methanol extract and propolis either pre- or during mice infection was less than that of infected control groups (e.g. the reduction rates of worm load/ mouse and number of ova/g tissue in the intestine were 46.1 % and 76.8%, respectively, for mice infected with cercariae exposed to 5 ppm of A. arvensis during mice infection).
The results, also, indicated that exposing of S. mansoni cercariae to methanol extract of the experimental plants either pre- or during mice infection reduced the activities of the tested enzymes ALT, AST, AcP and AkP that were elevated by mice infection, meanwhile it raised the concentrations of total protein and albumin concentrations in the serum of mice infected with these treated cercariae in comparison with those of mice group infected with untreated cercariae.
Concerning the oral antischistosomalactivity of methanol extract from the tested plant species, propolis and oils of 4 plant species. The present data showed that the plants Sesbania sesban (1000 mg/ kg/ 2 days) and Chenopodium ambrosides (1250 mg/ kg/ 2 days) have a moderate effect in this respect as they reduced the total number of recovered worms/ infected treated mouse by 54.4 % and 53.7 %, respectively, in comparison with infected control ones. The results, also, indicated that successive treatment of infected mice with some of these plant species that exhibited an acceptable and moderate antischistosomal activity resulted in an increase in their schistosomicidal properties. Thus, the successive treatment of infected mice with the three plants S. sesban (1000 mg/ kg/ 2 days), C. ambrosides (1250 mg/ kg/ 2 days) and C. dioscorides (1000 mg/ kg/ 2 days), with an hour interval between each, post 7 weeks of infection caused 66.3 % reduction in the worm load/ infected treated mouse and 76.9 % reduction for the number of ova/ g tissue in the intestine of this mouse. The results, also, indicated that propolis could be used as a prophylactic agent against schistisomiasis infections in the experimental animals.
The results showed a correlation between the number of recovered adult worms and the number of ova deposited in liver and intestine tissues of sacrificed infected mouse. The heavy deposited ova are responsible to large extent on the harmful deteriorations in serum biochemical changes. Thus, the levels of total protein and albumin were decreased in the serum of infected mice having high number of ova in liver and intestine tissues, however, the activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), acid phosphatase (AcP) and alkaline phosphatase (AkP) enzymes were elevated. But, treatment of the infected mice groups with some of the experimental plant species, that exhibited an acceptable and moderate antischistosomal activity, reduce the rate of worm burden/ infected treated mouse and decrease the number of deposited ova/ g tissue in liver, hence, reduce the number of developed granuloma, in addition to the improvement of total protein and albumin levels (raised them) and the activities of the tested enzymes (decreased them), however, these improved levels of the tested serum parameters still different from that of uninfected control mice