الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) is the abrupt loss of kidney function that results in the retention of urea and other nitrogenous waste products . Till now kidney function is detected by measurement of the serum creatinine which is used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).Serum creatinine may change due to non-renal factors independent of kidney function, e.g. age, gender, race, muscle mass, nutritional status, total parenteral nutrition and infection, In addition, serum creatinine is not sensitive to the loss of kidney reserve as evidenced by the small change in serum creatinine after the loss or donation of one kidney with a normal remaining kidney .