الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the studyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The study is a case-control study that was carried out at the departments of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Zagazig University. The study was performed in July-October 2011 at outpatient clinic, Zagazig University Hospitals. It includes 100 age and sex matched subjects divided into 2 groups:
Group 1: 70 patients with clinically diagnosed type 1 DMdiagnosed according to ADA criteria (ADA, 2011). They included 47 males and 23females. Theirage ranged from to 15-35 years with amean ±SD of21.5±7.Their BMIranged from 17 to 30 kg/m2 witha mean ±SD of 21.1±6.1.Duration of DMranged from to 2 to 18years witha mean ±SD of8±4.Their systolic blood pressureranged from 100 to 150 mmHg witha mean ±SD of126 ± 15. Their diastolic blood pressure ranged from 70 to 95mmHg with a mean ±SD of 80 ± 5. All patients were treated with twice daily biphasic insulin injections. Their total daily insulin dose had amean ±SD of50±14 IU. As regards microvascular complications; 11 patients had evidence of peripheral neuropathy, 16 had diabetic nephropathy, and 9 had diabetic retinopathy.10 patients had evidence of ischemic heart disease.
Group 2: 30 apparentlyhealthy non-diabetic age and sex matched subjects (control group).They included 20 males and 10 females. Their age ranged from to 15-34 years with a mean ±SD of22.3 ± 6. Their BMI ranged from 17 to 28 kg/m2 with a mean ±SD of21.4 ± 6.0. Their