الفهرس 
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Abstract
Poultry industry in Egypt has become one of the leading enterprises such as egg production and broiler production. As poultry is a more efficient feed converter and has a shorter production cycle, Poultry meat is an important source of high quality protein, minerals, and vitamins to balance the human diet.
This study was carried on three different provinces that constitute the area of the research and they include (EL Behaira, Alexandria and Kafer EL-ELsheikh governorate) for both broiler and layer farms, during the period extended from (2008 – 2011) to assess the difficulties affecting profitability and productivity of broiler and layer farm as the main important problem and difficulties that affect broiler and layer breed including; seasons effect, heat stress, diseases problems and managemental disorder The data were collected on about 337 random cycle for four different broiler breeds that include (Cobb, Avian, Hubbard and SASO), the data include; problems affect broiler farms, years, seasons of fattening cycles, breeds types, locality, number of day old chicks brooded, feed consumption, mortality percent, age at marketing, average weight of bird at marketing, price of each kg meat, veterinary management which include cost of (drugs, vaccines, disinfectants and veterinary supervision), miscellaneous cost and the returns of production (broiler sale, litter sale and other sales). While, for layers farms was about 135 random cycles for three different layer breeds (Lohman, Balady and SASO breeds) and the data include: number of laying hens, feed consumption, egg production traits (age at point of lay, age at peak of lay, hen housed egg production and egg laying period), problems and difficulties affected layer farm, costs of production, returns (egg sale, culled hen sale and litter sale). The collected data summarized / 100 birds as a unit for broiler (BU) and for layer bird (LU) then analyzed separately using computer statistical program (SPSS, version 13). The results of the study are summarized in various sub-sections as follows:
1. Broiler production: The results of broiler production indicated that seasons (winter, spring, summer and fall),problems (respiratory disease, digestive and other disease, managemental disorder and heat stress were found to have a significant effect ( 0.05) on the difficulties that affect on productivity and profitability of broiler farm and these variables are: 1.1. Feed consumption and feed conversion / (BU): Total ration consumed kg / were higher in the winter and fall seasons 372.88 kg, and lower in summer and spring season 307.67 kg. As the higher amount of starter ration consumed during the winter and fall seasons 129.29 kg than the summer and spring season 126.14 kg. Cobb breed represent the highest consumption 137.56 kg. Moreover, the finisher ration consumed was higher in winter and fall seasons 223.34 kg than summer and spring seasons 220.53 kg.