الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work has been carried out in order to investigate some biologically active constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of diEl:hent plant parts of Rumex vesicarius L., at different stages of growth. Some trials to produce some of these biologically active constituents in vitro have been carried out. Prcliminmy phytochemical screening revealed that, all plant parts, at all stages of growth were rich in investigated substances with some exceptions: 1- All plant parts, at late vegetative stage of growth arc devoid of irodoids. 2- Leaves and stems, at late vegetative stage of growth arc devoid of anthraquinones and sublimable substances. 3- Flowers arc devoid of saponins 4- Fruits arc devoid of cardiac glycosides. There were variations in the presence and/or amount of active ingredients under investigation within dilTerent extracts of different plant parts, at all stages of growth. Fruit extract contained the highest amount of phenolics (15.G33±0.lll mg GAEJg F.W.). Whole plant parts extract (at early vegetative stage) was found to contain the highest amount of anthraquinones (2054±49.500 flg/g F.W.). Meanwhile, leaves extract (at late vegetative stage) contained the highest amount of tlavonoids (28350.000±31.110 I-lg/g F.W.). Quantitative estimation of Emodin (using HPLC analysis) revealed that, whole plant parts extract (at early vegetative stage) was found to contain the highest amount (l74.793±1.l48 ~lg/g D.W.). Extracts of stems, roots and flowers (at the flowering stage) were devoid of Emodin. Quantitative estimation of Quercetin (using HPLC analysis) revealed that, whole plant parts extract (at the flowering stage) was found to be the highest containing one in this regard (82.452±2.G75 ~lg/g D.W.). Methanol extract of leaves (at late vegetative stage of growth) not only was a bactericidal agent against Escherichia coli, KJebsieJla pneumoniae and Staphylococcus ilUfeus, but also it is one of extracts that have the highest value (I) of proportion index. It was found that, roots (at late vegetative stage) extract have the highest amount of total antioxidants (428GOG.000±4792.885 GAEs as ppm). Results of DPPI-I scavenging activity studies of different plant parts revealed that, the least ICso was obtained using leaves (at early vegetative stage) extract (lC50 = 0.345±0.005 mg/ml). Seeds used for both in vivo and in vitro germination, the percentage of germination was high in both cases, obtained seedlings at 10, 20 and 30 days old were investigated chemically and all promising samples arc investigated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Calli and adventitious roots, produced by the in vitro culture of some plant explants were investigated chemically and all promising samples were also investigated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Results of preliminaty phytochemical screening on these in vitro and in vivo seedlings and in vitro calli and adventitious roots, revealed that, these diflcrent cultures can be considered rich sources of many investigated biologically active constituents, only 20 and 30 days old i11 vitro seedlings contained saponins. All these cultures were devoid of anllu’aquinones, irodoids and sublimable substances. Adventitious roots produced by the in vitro culture of leaf blade segments on MS media supplemented with I mg/l kinetin+4 mg/l 2,4-D, calli produced by the in vitro culture of leaf blade segments on MS media supplemented with 2mgil kinetin+2mg/l 2,4-0 and in vivo germinated seedlings (30 days old), can be considered rich sources of total phenolic contents (21.477±0.241. 18.150±0.239 mg/explant and l8.052±0.80 I mg/seedling, respectively). All these values were higher than their corresponding in all plant parts, at all stages of growth. In vivo germinated seedlings (30 days old), calli produced by the in vitro culture of leaf blade segments on MS media supplemented with 2mg/l kinetin+2mg/l 2,4-0 and adventitious roots produced by the in vitro culture of leaf bladc segments on MS media supplemented with I mgil kinetin+4mg/l 2,4-0, can be considered rich sources of total flavonoid contents (I 0009.000± 195.899 ~g/seedling, 52.819±0.56l and 49.269 ±0.559 ~g/explants, respectively). All these values were higher than their corresponding in all plant parts, at all stages of growth except leaves, at early vegctative stage of growth which contains 28350.000±31.11 0 ~lg/g F.W., however this source is a very limited and disturbed source due to many ecological factors. Quantitative estimation of Quercetin (using HPLC analysis) in calli (obtained by the in vitro culture of leaf blade segments on MS media supplemented with 2 mg/I kinetin+2mg/1 2,4-0), in vitro grown seedlings (on MS medium, 30 days old) and in vivo grown seedlings (30 days old) revealed that, all these samples contain high amounts of Quercetin and there were variations between calli, in vitro grown seedlings and in vivo grown
seedlings in this regard (7.350±0.245, 3.750±0.165 and 10.656±0.306 ~lg/g D.W., respectively). Regarding antibacterial activity studies, ethanol extract of in vitro germinated seedlings (30 days old) on solidified MS h0l1110ne free medium were bactericidal agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. In vivo grown seedlings (20 days old) was found to have the highest amount of total antioxidants, followed by 30 days old seedlings (181 0.000±60.121 and 1133.125±55.350 GAEs, ppm, respectively), while extract of calli obtained by the in vitro culture of leaf blade segments on MS media supplemented with 2 mg/l kinetin+2 mg/I 2,4-D was found to contain 617.85±20.109 GAEs, ppm). All these values were higher than their corresponding in all plant parts, at all stages of growth except vegetative stages of growth. Regarding OPPH scavenging activity studies, it was found that, the least ICso in mg/ml was obtained using in vivo grown seedlings, 30 days old (ICso = 1.158±0.OI9 mg/ml), followed by 20 days old seedlings extract (lCso= 1.261 ±O.I 03 mg/ml), while extract of adventitious roots and calli (obtained by the in vitro culture of leaf blade segments on MS media supplemented with I mg/I kinetin+4 mg/I 2,4-0 and 2 mg/I kinetin+2 mg/I 2,4-0, respectively) was found to have ICso = 1.574±0.020 and 1.755±0.021 mg/ml, respectively. All these values varied from being equal to nearly half that of all plant parts, at all stages of growth, except the leaves extract, at early vegetative stage of growth, which was the highest plant parts regarding OPPI-I scavenging activity.
Key words: Rumex. vesica rius L., Phytochemical screening, Phenolics, Flavonoids, Anthraquinones, HPLC analysis, Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant activity, In vi/ro studies, Calli, Adventitious root cultures.