الفهرس 
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Abstract
The most commonly accepted definition of the term
infertility is the failure to conceive (regardless of the cause) after 1
year of unprotected intercourse. Infertility affects approximately
15% of couples of reproductive age. Its prevalence has been stable
during the past 50 years, although a shift in etiology and in the age
of the patient population has occurred. On the other hand fertility
is defined as the capacity to reproduce or the state of being fertile.
This term should be differentiated from fecundability, which is the
probability of achieving a pregnancy each month, and fecundity,
which is the ability to achieve a live birth within one menstrual
cycle. The fecundability rate in the general population is rather
constant. (Garcia et al, 2004)
The ovary contains approximately 400,000 eggs at
menarche from which one is ovulated during each menstrual cycle.
Ovarian disease can cause the lack of ovulation (anovulation),
irregular ovulation or reduction in egg quality. Sometimes,
ovulation does not occur due to hormonal imbalances e.g.
hyperprolactinemia or other conditions can cause ovarian
dysfunction, which include anorexia, stress, excessive exercise &
age. Rarely, a woman may be born with one or no ovaries.