الفهرس 
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Abstract
By definition, maxillary constriction is a maxillary width that is narrower than the normal for a particular age group. Deficiencies in maxillary width can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors or a combination of both. Many craniofacial syndromes present with maxillary constriction, like marfan syndrome, crouzon syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome. Maxillary arch constriction or maxillary width deficiency, concomitant with high palatal vault, is manifestation of a skeletal developed syndrome that causes some rhinologic problems and has certain negative effects on the dentofacial pattern. Maxillary expansion is routinely performed in growing patients with appliances that help in separation of the midpalatal and associated maxillary sutures. However, this technique is not useful in skeletally mature individuals. Alternatives in these situations include the use of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) or segmental Le Fort I osteotomy or transpalatal distraction in an attempt to overcome the resistance of the closed sutures. Aim of the Essay: To develop a basic understanding of etiology and diagnosis of maxillary constriction and its effects on nasal airway, and how maxillary expansion solve this problem. conclusion: Maxillary expansion has been suggested in the treatment of problems such as nasal airway insufficiency (mouth breathing), septal deformity, nasal infection, allergic rhinitis, conductive hearing loss and obstructive sleep apnea. Rationalization of the clinical use of maxillary expansion for its rhinological effects is controversial.